In this paper, the plastic limit load of cylindrical shells with opening subject to combined bending moment and axial force are found by finite element method using ANSYS suite of program. The effect of various parameters such as the geometrical ratios of shell and the shape, size, axial and angular position of the opening on the limit load of cylindrical shells under various loading conditions...

In this paper, semi-analytical method for asymmetrical eccentrically stiffened FGM cylindrical shells under external pressure and surrounded by a linear and non-linear elastic foundation is presented. The proposed linear model is based on two parameter elastic foundation Winkler and Pasternak. According to the von Karman nonlinear equations and the classical plate theory of shells, strain-displ...

We have used optical tweezers to study the elasticity of red cell membranes; force was applied to a bead attached to a permeabilized spherical ghost and the force-extension relation was obtained from the response of a second bead bound at a diametrically opposite position. Interruption of the skeletal network by dissociation of spectrin tetramers or extraction of the actin junctions engendered ...

In this paper, the buckling of non-homogeneous isotropic truncated conical shells under uniform lateral pressure and resting on a Winkler foundation is investigated. The basic relations and governing equations have been obtained for non-homogeneous truncated conical shells. The critical uniform lateral pressures of non-homogeneous isotropic truncated conical shells with or without a Winkler fou...

Thick shells have attracted much attention in recent years as intelligent and functional graded materials because of their unique properties. In this review paper, some critical issues and problems in the development of thick shells made from Functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) are discussed. This review has been conducted on various types of methods which are available for thick ...

The gauge usually adopted for extracting the reduced Hamiltonian of a thin spherical shell of matter in general relativity, becomes singular when dealing with two or more intersecting shells. We introduce here a more general class of gauges which is apt for dealing with intersecting shells. As an application we give the hamiltonian treatment of two intersecting shells, both massive and massless...

BACKGROUND The shells of molluscs survive well in many sedimentary contexts and yield information about the diet of prehistoric humans. They also yield evidence of symbolic behaviours through their use as beads for body adornments. Researchers often analyse the location of perforations in shells to make judgements about their use as symbolic objects (e.g., beads), the assumption being that hole...

Polyimide shells are used as targets in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments. These shells are filled with DT gas, then cooled to low temperatures for cryogenic laser shots. During target preparation, shells require careful pressure and temperature control due to their sensitivity. The pressure is governed partly by permeation through the shell wall, which can only be determined with t...

The effect of geometric imperfections and viscous damping on the type of nonlinearity i.e., the hardening or softening behaviour of circular plates and shallow spherical shells with free edge is here investigated. The Von Kármán large-deflection theory is used to derive the continuous models. Then, nonlinear normal modes NNMs are used for predicting with accuracy the coefficient, the sign of wh...

I suggest that the behavior of the photospheric opacity in oxygen-rich (similar to solar abundance) upper asymptotic giant branch stars may cause these stars to substantially expand for a few thousand years. I term this process overexpansion. This may occur when the photospheric (effective) temperature drops to Tp ∼ 3000 K, and because the opacity sharply increases as temperature further decrea...