The major causes of blindness in children encompass intrauterine and acquired infectious diseases, teratogens and developmental and molecular genetics, nutritional factors, the consequences of preterm birth, and tumors. A multidisciplinary approach is therefore needed. In terms of the major avoidable causes (i.e., those that can be prevented or treated) the available evidence shows that these v...

This study has two main components with a common theme of paediatric ophthalmology in Asia. The first component aimed to assess the prevalence of refractive error in 12-14 year old children in urban Phnom Penh and rural Kandal Provinces of Cambodia. The prevalence of refractive error in Cambodia has not been previously studied and is important for the planning and implementation of refraction s...

Safety and error reduction in medical care is crucial to the future of medicine. This study evaluates trauma patients dying at a level 1 trauma centre to determine the adequacy of care. All trauma deaths at a level 1 trauma centre between 1996 and 2003 were reviewed by an eight-member multidisciplinary death review panel. Errors in care were classified according to their location, nature, impac...

BACKGROUND Currently, about 2 per 1000 children in the industrialised world are severely visually impaired or blind (SVI/BL) due to diverse uncommon conditions that are usually present from early infancy. The impact of SVI/BL is lifelong and life-changing. Thus, children are a priority in the WHO-led global initiative against avoidable blindness. The aim of this scoping review is to assess the ...

BACKGROUND To plan and implement appropriate management of patients with blindness and visual impairment (VI) requires the knowledge of the common presenting causes. AIM The aim of the following study is to determine the common causes of VI in adults and develop a template for eye care delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective descriptive analysis of subjects aged 17 years and above w...

Background: Cataract is a major cause of avoidable blindness worldwide and is likely to burden health care systems as the world’s population ages due to increasing life expectancy. Therefore, assessment of its public health importance and identification of major risk-factors will be crucial in planning strategies to delay its development. Methodology: A cross-sectional, population-based study o...

Background Cataract remains the leading cause of avoidable blindness in low-income countries such as Nepal. Despite availability surgical interventions for cataract institutions, still a large number patients from remote areas delay or have difficulty getting treatment, present late with complications.
 Objective To determine clinical characteristics and visual outcome undergoing surgery T...

C3MR, MFC, and DMR processes in an integrated LNG-NGL-NRU structure are investigated using the conventional and advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analyses. The results of advanced exergy analysis reveal that in most of the equipment, the highest amount of irreversibility is occurred because of endogenous exergy destruction. In C3MR process, compressor C5 with 9730 kW; in MFC process, compresso...