Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is still a challenging problem in orthopedic surgery. It is responsible for 10% of the 500,000 hip replacement surgeries in the USA and affects relatively young, active patients in particular. Main reasons for nontraumatic osteonecrosis are glucocorticoid use, alcoholism, thrombophilia, and hypofibrinolysis (Glueck et al., 1997; Orth and Anagnostak...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Non-traumatic osteonecrosis is a progressive disease with multiple etiologies. It affects younger individuals more and more, often leading to total hip arthroplasty. We investigated whether there is a correlation between inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and osteocyte apoptosis in non-traumatic osteonecrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected and studied...

INTRODUCTION Osteonecrosis of the jaws can result either from radiation, used in radiotherapy for treatment of malignant tumors, or medications used for bone remodeling and anti-angiogenesis such as bisphosphonates. These conditions can be associated with triggering factors such as infection, trauma and decreased vascularity. The management of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws requires ca...

Osteonecrosis is a severe glucocorticoid-induced complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. We prospectively screened children (n = 364) with magnetic resonance imaging of hips and knees, regardless of symptoms; the cumulative incidence of any (grade 1-4) versus symptomatic (grade 2-4) osteonecrosis was 71.8% versus 17.6%, respectively. We investigated whether age, race, sex, acute...

INTRODUCTION Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a serious side effect in patients receiving nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates intravenously due to malignant diseases. Albeit far less frequently, osteonecrosis of the jaw has also been reported to occur due to the oral administration of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates due to osteoporosis. Annual infusions of zoledronic acid have been recommended i...

In patients with sickle cell disease, clinical complications including osteonecrosis can vary in frequency and severity, presumably due to the effects of genes that modify the pathophysiology initiated by the sickle mutation. Here, we examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes (cytokines, inflammation, oxidant stress, bone metabolism) with osteonecrosi...

In about 50% of cases, osteonecrosis of the femoral head is known to occupy more than one site. There is controversy as to whether a single focus may increase in size. We have reviewed 606 consecutive femoral heads which had been surgically removed for osteonecrosis. Extension of osteonecrosis was observed in only two (0.3%) and was confirmed histopathologically by the enlargement of the necrot...

Few patients with osteonecrosis that complicates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported. We describe 5 patients whose symptoms of osteonecrosis developed with viral suppression and improvement in CD4 lymphocyte counts as a result of antiretroviral therapy. In addition, we review previously reported cases. The mean patient age was 35 years, and HIV was the sole risk fact...

be a risk factor. All of this, combined with the fact that patients are generally living longer, would make one expect an increased rate of incidence. However, given the dramatic rise in the number of recent reports of osteonecrosis occurring in association with HIV infection, the possibility that HAART can cause or, through its immunological effects, exacerbate the symptoms of osteonecrosis ne...

Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) is a rare clinical entity that frequently presents neuro-psychiatric symptoms, and mesodiencephalic and pontobulbar lesions. There is only one published report about osteonecrosis in NBD. We report a patient whose first presentation was neurological NBD with presenting bilateral femoral heads osteonecrosis. A 36-year-old male was hospitalized with gait disorder, dip...