This paper presents a system for modeling autumn leaves covering vegetation and monuments. We simulate the coloring and aging process by a stochastic model that represents the probability of evolution of a leaf according to the characteristics of the environment. We distribute leaves over the ground by approximating their complex movement by trajectory templates such as fluttering, rolling and ...

ATP-dependent severing of microtubules was first reported in Xenopus laevis egg extracts in 1991. Two years later this observation led to the purification of the first known microtubule-severing enzyme, katanin. Katanin homologs have now been identified throughout the animal kingdom and in plants. Moreover, members of two closely related enzyme subfamilies, spastin and fidgetin, have been found...

A survey of trout species was carried out to assess the stocks' quality inhabiting Palena River Basin, one most important rivers for recreational angling in Chilean Patagonia. Six sampling campaigns were over 16 selected stretches river between February 2012 and June 2013. total 912 collected, 57% rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 33.3% brown (Salmo trutta), 9.6% brook (Salvelinus fontinalis). Als...

background: lemon verbena (lippia citriodora h.b.k.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant of family verbenaceae, which cultivated in the north region of iran. objective: this comparative study was carried out on essential oil content and composition of lippia citriodora h.b.k. from micro-propagated and rooted apical stem cutting plantlets. methods: the micro-propagated plantlets were obtained by ...