The probability theory using fuzzy random variables has applications in several scientific disciplines. These are mainly technical scope, such as the automotive industry and consumer electronics, for example, washing machines, televisions, microwaves. is gradually entering domain of finance where people work with incomplete data. We often find that events financial markets cannot be described p...

The growth rate of R&D activities in automotive industry brings an increased need for transfer of design knowledge. This, in combination with growing complexity of the product puts new demands on the decision process. In this paper, decision methods used within the R&D department of an international vehicle manufacturer has been investigated through interviews and surveys. The main focus has be...

Insertion of a dc-dc converter between the automobile battery and electrical loads is proposed. This would allow gradual conversion to higher battery voltage, regulation of dc distribution voltage, and multiple distribution voltage levels. Switching loss arising from parasitic inductances is a serious problem in this application. The nonlinear resonant switch can remove this source of loss, ach...

I. ABSTRACT Automotive systems are turning out to be one of the most complex consumer electronic systems being ever built. For the modern day users, they are products like smartphones and tablets but in size, complexity and quality and safety requirements they match if not exceed aircraft, and similar high integrity systems. Many of the major advances in Software engineering like model based de...

The rapid growth of software intensive active safety functions in modern cars resulted in adoption of new safety development standards like ISO 26262 by the automotive industry. Hazard analysis, safety assessment and adequate verification and validation methods for software and car electronics require effort but in the long run save lives. We argue that in the face of complex software developme...

Cold forging has played a critical role in fasteners and has been widely used in automotive production, manufacturing, aviation and 3C (Computer, Communication, and Consumer electronics). Despite its extensive use in fastener forming and die design, operator experience and trial and error make it subjective and unreliable owing to the difficulty of controlling the development schedule. This stu...

In this paper, a new methodology is presented for topology optimization of networked embedded systems as they occur in automotive and avionic systems as well as wireless sensor networks. By introducing a model which is (1.) suitable for heterogeneous networks with different communication bandwidths, (2.) modeling of routing restrictions, and (3.) flexible binding of tasks onto processors, curre...

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Rotary encoders for rotational angle detection have been used in a variety of industrial applications, including detection of actuation and travel amounts and motor speed control. In automotive applications, rotary encoders are utilized for steering system angle detection, accelerator pedals and throttle valves to improve vehicle operability and safety. For every automotive application, the nee...

As an engineering technology, industrial cleaning plays increasingly important role in production; The development of the industry not only provides effective technical services for whole society, but also has become symbol today’s social civilization. With industrialization process country and needs production life, application field is becoming more extensive. emerging dry ice characteristics...