With advances in sequencing technologies, there are now massive am-ounts of genomic data from across all life, leading to the possibility that arobust Tree of Life can be constructed. However, “gene tree heterogeneity”,which is when different genomic regions can evolve differently, is a commonphenomenon in multi-locus datasets, and reduces the accuracy of standardmethods for...

Given a complex polynomial p(z) with at least three distinct roots, we first prove no rational iteration function exists where the basin of attraction of a root coincides with its Voronoi cell. In spite of this negative result, we prove the Voronoi diagram of the roots can be well approximated through a high order sequence of iteration functions, the Basic Family, Bm(z), m ≥ 2. Let θ be a simpl...

We show that if the equation mapping is 2-regular at a solution in some nonzero direction in the null space of its Jacobian (in which case this solution is critical; in particular, the local Lipschitzian error bound does not hold), then this direction defines a star-like domain with nonempty interior from which the iterates generated by a certain class of Newtontype methods necessarily converge...

Phylogenetic analyses were applied to 269 families of putative orthologs represented by a single member in the genomes of human, mouse, dog, and chicken. Five methods were used: maximum parsimony (NP), neighbor-joining (NJ) with Poisson and Gamma distances; and maximum likelihood (ML) with JTT and JTT+gamma models. When applied to the concatenated sequence of all families, all methods strongly ...

Aimed at the complicated problems of attraction characteristics regarding passenger flow in urban rail transit network, the concept of the gravity field of passenger flow is proposed in this paper. We establish the computation methods of field strength and potential energy to reveal the potential attraction relationship among stations from the perspective of the collection and distribution of p...

Subpixel mapping (SPM) is a technique that produces hard classification maps at a spatial resolution finer than that of the input images produced when handling mixed pixels. Existing spatial attraction model (SAM) techniques have been proven to be an effective SPM method. The techniques mostly differ in the way in which they compute the spatial attraction, for example, from the surrounding pixe...

We studied the orientational order of one-patch colloidal particles (Janus particles) in a close-packed monolayer. In an experiment on hemispherically patched particles, we realized a highly ordered zigzag stripe pattern by inducing directional growth of the pattern via a phase transition of the solvent. Upon spontaneous ordering by strengthening the inter-patch attraction, however, the particl...

The nonspecific lipid-mediated attraction between two proteins embedded in a bilayer membrane have been investigated for a model system using Monte Carlo simulations. We found two types of attraction with different regimes. A depletion-induced attraction in the range r < sigmaL, where sigmaL is the diameter of a lipid and r is the distance between the surfaces of the two proteins, and a fluctua...

Female rats show a distinct attraction for males. This attraction remains consistent without the necessity for the physical presence of the male. However, the identity of the olfactory cues contributing to attraction in rats remains unknown. Rat urine contains copious amounts of major urinary proteins (MUPs). Here, we investigated the hypothesis that MUPs mediate sexual attractiveness in rats. ...

In the stabilization problem for systems with control and state constraints a domain of attraction is a set of initial states that can be driven to the origin by a feedback control without incurring in constraints violations. If the problem is that of tracking a reference signal, that converges to a constant constraint–admissible value, a tracking domain of attraction is a set of initial states...