The evolution of higher dispersal during range expansion increases invasion speed, provided that a species can adapt sufficiently fast to novel local conditions. Iterated founder effects during range expansion, however, cause low levels of local genetic diversity at these range margins. Mutation rates can evolve, too, and using an individual-based model we show that natural selection may lead t...

In this paper, an improved DE is proposed to improve optimization performance by involving four searching strategies: current-to-better mutation, real-random-mutation, sharing mutation, and focused search. When evolution speed is standstill, sharing mutation can increase the search depth; in addition, real-random mutation can disturb individuals and can help individuals diverge to local optimum...

The dynamics of range formation are important for understanding and predicting species distributions. Here, we focus on a process that has thus far been overlooked in the context of range formation; the accumulation of mutation load. We find that mutation accumulation severely reduces the extent of a range across an environmental gradient, especially when dispersal is limited, growth rate is lo...

Bayesian MCMC is a widely used model estimation technique, and software from the BUGS family, such as JAGS, have been popular for over two decades. Recently, Stan entered market with promises of higher efficiency fueled by advanced more sophisticated algorithms. With this study, we want to contribute empirical results discussion about sampling JAGS Stan. We conducted three simulation studies in...

NOTE This paper w as read at the 16th International Ornithological Congress, Canberra Australia in 1974. The results were interim analyses within a long term study and only the abstract was published at the time. Further analyses undertaken by the remaining author in 1993, which will be published elsewhere, have indicated some significant changes during the further development of the colony at ...

=706782. 87 See James Salzman & J.B. Ruhl, Currencies and the Commodification of Environmental Law, 53 STAN. L. REV. 607, 616-22 (2000). Reprinted with Permission of New York University School of Law [Vol. 81:1875 H inOnline -81 .Y.U. L. Rev. 190