HZE particles from space radiation raise an important protection concern during longterm astronauts’ travels. Although these particles are less abundant than protons, they are more effective in damaging biological systems. It is thought that this is due to the frequent production of spatially correlated DNA damaged sites, particularly double strand breaks (DSB), since this correlation can stron...

Interacting with humans requires subtlety if one is to be perceived as a great and pleasant tutor. «Consciousness» mechanisms can allow the tutoring agent to filter through the various sources of information and efficiently guide learners. We describe in the present paper an architecture implementing these processes in the specific context of astronauts training on Canadarm2.

The unique environment of the Kennedy Space Center includes a wide variety of industrial processes culminating in launch and spaceflight. Many are potentially hazardous to the work force and the astronauts. Technology, planning, training, and quality control are utilized to prevent contingencies and expedite response should a contingency occur.

The presence of an anatomically and physiologically significant patent foramen ovale (PFO) appears to be associated with several different clinical conditions,1 including unexplained neurological decompression sickness (DCS) in divers2–7 and aviators/astronauts,8–9 cryptogenic stroke,10–15 and the platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome.16–20 Recently, it appears that migraine headache also may be assoc...

Yutaka MATSUYAMA , Takuhiro YAMAGUCHI , Shuji HASHIMOTO , Miyuki KAWADO , Seiichi ICHIKAWA , Tamami UMEDA and Masahiro KIHARA + Department of Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences and Nursing, University of Tokyo, , Department of Hygiene, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya City University School of Nursing, . Human Space Technology and Astronauts Department, Japan Aerospace ...

This paper describes modeling and simulating the activities of humans and systems in organizations. We refer to this as work practice modeling. We describe a case study of the work practice of the Apollo 12 astronauts during the ALSEP offload activity.

Pandi-Perumal and Gonfalone presented perspective on sleep in space by overviewing the past medical reports [3]. The authors made special emphasis on “normal sleep” in space, where no gravity exists. According to their review, sleep in space was mainly monitored by subjective sleep diaries and actigraphy (wrist-worn accelerometer). As sleep cycle was developed in response to the 24 h rotation o...

BACKGROUND Spaceflight causes changes in the cardiovascular control system. The aim of this study was to evaluate postflight recovery of linear and nonlinear neural markers of heart rate modulation, with a special focus on day-night variations. MATERIAL/METHODS Twenty-four-hour Holter ECG recordings were obtained in 8 astronauts participating in space missions aboard the International Space S...

In this study, flow cytometry was used to positively identify the specific lymphocyte subsets exhibiting space flight-induced alterations in cytokine production. Whole blood samples were collected from 27 astronauts at three points (one preflight, two postflight) surrounding four space shuttle missions. Assays performed included serum/urine stress hormones, white blood cell (WBC) phenotyping, a...

Ocular and vision changes known as visual impairment intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome have been reported in nearly two thirds of long-duration mission International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. These changes are currently attributed to cephalad vascular fluid shift induced by exposure to microgravity. This study assesses ocular shape and CSF volume changes related to spaceflight to dete...