The relationship between the Greek goddess Athena and her father Zeus, together with the competitive hostility she displays towards other females, is presented as illustrating some previously neglected aspects of triangular developmental conflicts in the little girl. Literature on "the Oedipus complex in the female" is reviewed and discussed. The mythological early histories of both Athena and ...

The information structure of English cleft sentences is discussed. A cleft sentence divides a proposition into two parts, which are interpreted as an exhaustive focus and a pragmatic presupposition. These two semantic components can be flexibly mapped onto the information structure categories of topic and comment to arrive at comment-topic (‘stressed focus’) clefts and topic-comment (‘informati...

This research investigates whether metacognitive experiences accompanying the retrieval of autobiographical memories influence judgments about others. Based on social projection research, we tested the hypothesis that ease-of-retrieval, affecting how the self is perceived, affects first impressions. In line with this prediction, Experiment 1 showed that participants asked to recall a few person...

In their classic, The Civic Culture, Almond and Verba (1963) define the ideal democratic citizen as an allegiant, trustful, and modestly participatory person. This ideal has shaped how scholars think about consolidated democracies as well the process of democratic development. In contrast, we argue that a new model of assertive citizenship spreads as nations experience social modernization, and...

Study Service re-design for older people with mental health difficulties is described, where the addition of an Assertive Outreach Team integrated with Day Hospital, Community Mental Health Teams (CMHTs) and existing in-patient facilities was implemented to decrease the reliance on hospital services and provide a greater emphasis on community intervention. Method Comparison of audit data before...

Interpersonal communication within the group becomes an important factor in achieving goals. From results of needs analysis, it was known that interpersonal faced by service partner groups rooted assertive skills. For this reason, training chosen activities to improve knowledge, attitudes, and skills groups. This community “Arsa Community”, with 10 participants. The designed as psychoeducation ...

BACKGROUND Assertive outreach has been established to care for'difficult to engage' patients, yet little is known about how patients experience their disengagement with mainstream services and later engagement with outreach teams. AIMS To explore the views of disengagement and engagement held by patients of assertive outreach teams. METHOD In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 purposef...

Does gender affect reactions to violations of expected conversational behavior? This study examined ratings of interactants involved in interruptive exchanges. Audio recordings of two-person interactions that varied in gender composition but were identical in script features were rated by judges on several scales, including the degree to which participants were seen to be argumentative, rude, a...

BACKGROUND Dual diagnosis of personality disorder and severe mental illness is an important clinical association that has been under-researched with regard to clinical management. AIMS To compare the outcomes of different treatment models. METHOD The outcome of patients with this combined diagnosis was compared in a systematic review of three randomised controlled trials in which different ...