Climatic sensitivity of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) was examined growing in association with trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) at their southern limit of distribution in a transitional ecotone between the southern boreal forest and northern prairie region. The study was carried out in the Spruce Woods Provincial Park (SWPP) located in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. The ...

Laser capture microdissection (LCM) enables precise dissection and collection of individual cell types from complex tissues. When applied to plant cells, and especially to woody tissues, LCM requires extensive optimization to overcome such factors as rigid cell walls, large central vacuoles, intercellular spaces, and technical issues with thickness and flatness of the sections. Here we present ...

We document high rates of triploidy in aspen (Populus tremuloides) across the western USA (up to 69% of genets), and ask whether the incidence of triploidy across the species range corresponds with latitude, glacial history (as has been documented in other species), climate, or regional variance in clone size. Using a combination of microsatellite genotyping, flow cytometry, and cytology, we de...

one of the most important methods of transporting natural gas in iran and other parts of the world is the utilization of a network of pipelines. compression station and turbo compressor units play an important role in gas supply through pipelines. one of the primary concerns in these units is the reduction of fuel consumption. by cooling of exhaust gas from the source station, the pressure drop...

Dynamic Reconfiguration is the process of changing a component-based system with minimum disruption and maximum automation. This process consists of three phases i.e. sensing the present state, planning for a new state and acting on the system to move it to the new state. Although, there are techniques and models for the sensing and acting phases, planning is a relatively neglected phase in thi...

BACKGROUND The management of patients with enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) requires an interdisciplinary approach and poses a significant challenge to physicians, wound/stoma care specialists, dietitians, pharmacists, and other nutrition clinicians. Guidelines for optimizing nutrition status in these patients are often vague, based on limited and dated clinical studies, and typically rely on indi...

This experiment tests the effects of early canopy development by asexually regenerating aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) on conifer recruitment after fire in central Alaska. The establishment and growth of three conifer species were observed in response to aboveground removal of aspen suckers for three seasons after burning by wildfire. Of the three species, Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. had...

Wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995–1996. We present data on a recent trophic cascade involving wolves, elk (Cervus elaphus), and aspen (Populus tremuloides) in Yellowstone’s northern winter range that documents the first significant growth of aspen in over half a century. Results indicate reduced browsing and increased heights of young aspen during the l...

Human exposure research has consistently shown that, for most volatile organic compounds (VOCs), personal exposures are vastly different from outdoor air concentrations. Therefore, risk estimates based on ambient measurements may over- or underestimate risk, leading to ineffective or inefficient management strategies. In the present study we examine the extent of exposure misclassification and ...