it is well established that reproduction is sensitive to the state of energy reserves, and that there is a balance between energy homeostasis and fertility. in this view, this study examined the effects of different diets on growth and reproductive performance of fresh water angelfish. twenty four pairs of angelfish (weighing 3.58 ± 0.24 g) were fed with four types of diets including live earth...

background: breast variations play an important role in breastfeeding success. it seems that this issue has not gained enough attention. the present study was designed to measure the prevalence of breast variations among women of reproductive age in an iranian community. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, a sample of 402 pregnant women who were referred to the only maternal h...

background:   objective: the aim of our study was to assess the effect of storage duration of frozen embryo on art outcome.   materials and methods: in this retrospective study the data of 651 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles were assessed over a 36-months period. our patients were categorized according to storage time of freeze. group i: less than 90 days, group ii: between 90-365 days. gr...

background: antibiotic therapies used in treatment of many diseases have adverse effects on fertility. this review analyzes previous comparative studies that surveyed the effects of two common groups of antibiotics on male fertility. objective: to evaluate histo-pathological effects of fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides on sperm parameters and male reproductive tissue. materials and methods: ...

an important part of male infertility of unknown etiology may be attributed to various environmental and occupational exposures to toxic substances, such as lead. the reproductive effects of lead are complex and appear to involve multiple pathways, not all of which are fully understood. it is still unclear, for example, if male reproductive issues in lead-exposed persons are mostly related to t...

background: given the paucity of data on possible testis changes in opioid dependents, we sought to compare the testis volumes between a group of opium dependents and a group of healthy controls. objective: comparison of testis volume between opium dependents and healthy controls. materials and methods: this case-control study recruited 100 men with opium dependency (cases) and 100 healthy men ...

background: the fertility experience in iran suggests that the family planning programs had an effective role in the fertility reduction. this study aimed to specify patterns of marriage in iran and especially in a northern city of iran and to investigate the association between patterns of marriage and contraceptive use before first pregnancy and current contraceptive use. methods: in this cro...

in the previous studies, the rate of primary infertility was reported differently. it seems the main reasons are related to the different methods of data collection and information analysis. therefore, introducing a precise method to determine the infertile couples and the population exposed to the risk of infertility is an important issue to study primary infertility.the proposed methodology f...

background: oral contraceptive pills effectiveness is lower in actual use than in clinical trials. the views of a group of married iranian women were sought as a step toward improving the enhanced use of contraceptive pills. methods: two focus groups of current pill users (n=13) and two focus groups of women not currently taking the pills (n=14) were held. leaders trained facilitators; themes w...