background: the distribution and ecological preferences of ticks of domestic animals in north of iran were studied four times a year from 2002 to 2005. methods: a total of 1720 tick specimens were collected from cattle, sheep and goats from different localities of caspian sea areas consisting of guilan, mazandaran, golestan and ardebil provinces, iran. results: fourteen tick species were identi...

The agro-food industry produces tons of waste at different stages in the food production process, creating a massive ecological crisis. If implemented, use fruit and vegetable by-products (FVBPs) animal nutrition has potential to lessen environmental footprint chain, lower feeding costs, improve quality sustainability products. Recent research on inclusion FVBPs, naturally enriched with polyphe...

About 25% of European livestock intake is based on permanent and sown grasslands. To fulfill rising demand for animal products, an intensification of livestock production may lead to an increased consumption of crop and compound feeds. In order to preserve an economically and environmentally sustainable agriculture, a more forage based livestock alimentation may be an advantage. However, beside...

Studies were conducted with four (50 to 70 kg) barrows to evaluate the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) for determining the apparent protein digestibility (AD) in a variety of feedstuffs. One-gram samples of each feedstuff, ground through a 1.0-mm mesh screen, were enclosed in nylon bags (25 X 40 mm; 48 microns mesh). Following predigestion (.01 N HCl; 4,000 Folin Intestinal Pepsin Units/liter...

Livestock have made major contribution to human societies by providing food, shelter, fuel, and services.  Sheep and goat are economically important livestock play an important socioeconomic role for small and large farmers in Libya.  Small ruminant animal meat is popular for Libyan customers, and demand is particularly high during religious and cultural festivals.  Small ruminants is valued fo...