A norbornene-mediated palladium-catalyzed sequence is described in which an alkyl-aryl bond and an aryl-heteroaryl bond are formed in one reaction vessel. The aryl-heteroaryl bond-forming step occurs via a direct arylation reaction. A number of six-, seven-, and eight-membered ring-annulated indoles, pyrroles, pyrazoles, and azaindoles were synthesized from the corresponding bromoalkyl azole an...

Abstract: Aryl halides and aryl triflates (triflate = trifluoromethanesulfonyl) are coupled with N-compounds to give the corresponding arylamines or arylhydrazines in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a suitable ligand, and a base. Catalyst systems consisting of palladium (II) and BINAP or triphenylphosphine are generally effective for the amination of a wide range of aryl halides and aryl ...

Mechanistic studies of the hydrogenolysis of aryl ethers by nickel were undertaken with (diphosphine)aryl methyl ethers. A Ni(0) complex containing Ni-arene interactions adjacent to the aryl-O bond was isolated. Heating led to aryl-O bond activation and generation of a nickel aryl methoxide complex. Formal β-H elimination from this species produced a nickel aryl hydride which can undergo reduct...

Aldehydes are a class of chemicals with many industrial uses. Several aldehydes are responsible for flavors and fragrances present in plants, but aldehydes are not known to accumulate in most natural microorganisms. In many cases, microbial production of aldehydes presents an attractive alternative to extraction from plants or chemical synthesis. During the past 2 decades, a variety of aldehyde...

Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules formed during the biotransformation of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds, including biogenic amines. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is the aldehyde metabolite of dopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde is the aldehyde metabolite of both norepinephrine and epinephrine. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that these compoun...

The reaction of P-diketones 1 with phenyl hydrazine afforded 5-aryl-3-(1- methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazoly1)-1-phenylpyrazole (2) and 3-aryl-5-(1-methyl-5- nitro-2-imidazoly1) -1-phenylpyrazole (3). The reaction of diketones (1) with urea in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid gave 4-(or 6-)aryl-6-(or 4-)(1-methyl- 5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-1-(lH)pyrimidones (4). The structures of all compounds w...

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate exists as the geminal diol and the free aldehyde in the molar ratio 29:1 in aqueous solution. The rate constant of the conversion of diol into aldehyde is 8.7x10(-2)sec.(-1) in the pH range 7.3-8.6 at 20 degrees . The free aldehyde is the substrate for d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Over a wide concentration range of enzyme the rate of conversion of diol ...

Active folic acid degradation with the formation pterin-6-aldehyde is a previously undescribed characteristic of cancer cells in tissue culture. Neither normal adult epithelial and fibroblastic cells nor human amniotic cells nor mouse embryonic fibroblasts degrade folic acid to a measurable degree. Twenty-nine patients whose diagnoses were not revealed until after the test of their first mornin...

We have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamomum cassia constituents (cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, and coumarin) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) and carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with cinnamic aldehyde together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent in...

the synthesis of aryl amides via the reactions of carboxylic acids and isocyanides in methanol was carried out in 78-95% yields under ultrasound irradiation. the method has wide applicability, and the protocol is mild, fast and efficient compared to the existing methods based on silent conditions.