Because contemporary scientific research is conducted by groups of scientists, understanding scientific progress requires understanding this division of cognitive labor. We present a novel agent‐based model of scientific research in which scientists divide their labor to explore an unknown epistemic landscape. Scientists aim to find the most epistemically significant research approaches. We con...

The kinetic theory of electric discharge in thunderclouds generated by runaway breakdown (RB) and extensive atmospheric shower (EAS) is developed. A giant growth of relativistic and thermal electrons, gamma and radio emission is predicted. The theory is compared with the recent results of EAS-radio experiments at Tien Shan mountains and with observations of lightning initiation process and narr...

Palaeoethnobotany (or the shorter term, archaeobotany) is the study of the "direct interrelationships between humans and plants for whatever purpose as manifested in the archaeological record."50 No matter what the time period or geographical area, plants played an important role in human culture. As primary data about the natural environment, landuse practices, diet, architecture, and trade in...

"Spoilt Baby into Angry Young Man". Her theme is that the way children are brought up today is so sloppy and spineless that the result is the Angry Young Man. To prove her thesis she has assembled a series of statements, carefully indexed, made by angry adults. This attitude towards the young is a stage we all go through as we get older; let us be thankful that like the young, we also grow out ...

The sphingolipids ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulate cell signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Sphingosine kinase-1 and -2 (SK1 and SK2) phosphorylate sphingosine to form S1P, shifting the balanced activity of these lipids toward cell proliferation. We have previously reported that pharmacological inhibition of SK activity delays tumor growth in viv...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus HZ-31 strain is different from any other previously sequenced porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains. It contains a 59-amino acid (aa) discontinuous deletion in aa 467 to 474, aa 498 to 519, and aa 533 to 561 of nsp2. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this novel Chinese virulent PRRSV variant.

In recent years, the devastating earthquakes that occurred in many parts of world have made it even more important design earthquake-resistant structures and earthquake performance assessment existing structures. When innovative systems are examined building design, is seen depending on developments performance-based designs come to fore addition force-based design. This paper provides a new me...

Die Inkunabeln der Württembergischen Landesbibliothek Stuttgart. Beschrieben von Armin Renner unter Mitarbeit Christian Herrmann und Eberhard Zwink, Bd. 1 – 4 (Inkunabeln in Baden-Württemberg, Bestandskataloge 5), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag2018. 2894 S., 80 farb. Abb. ISBN 978-3-447-11075-4. Geb. € 498,–

Arabidopsis microRNA169 (miR169) is an ambient temperature-responsive microRNA that plays an important role in stress responses and the floral transition. However, the transcription factors that regulate the expression of MIR169 have remained unknown. In this study, we show that Elongated Hypocotyl 5-Homolog (HYH) directly binds to the promoter of MIR169a and negatively regulates its expression...