We present a novel analysis of arterial pulse wave propagation that combines traditional wave intensity analysis with identification of Windkessel pressures to account for the effect on the pressure waveform of peripheral wave reflections. Using haemodynamic data measured in vivo in the rabbit or generated numerically in models of human compliant vessels, we show that traditional wave intensity...

LLE Review, Volume 73 1 Pulsed-laser systems emit optical pulses having a temporal pulse shape characteristic of the particular type of laser design. Advances in technology have produced laser-pulseshaping systems where the laser temporal profile can be specified in advance and controlled to a high degree of accuracy.1–3 A pulse-shaping system has been in operation on OMEGA for several years. T...

To improve the quality of prosthetic vision, it is important to understand how retinal neurons respond to electric stimulation. Previous studies present conflicting reports as to the maximum rate at which retinal ganglion cells can "follow" pulse trains, i.e., generate one spike for each pulse of the train. In the present study, we measured the response of 5 different types of rabbit retinal ga...

This paper introduces a new technique to model the excitation waveform for a linear predictive speech coder The target appli cation is high quality speech coding for rates near kb s Our pitch pulse evolution model decomposes the excitation into two separate but simultaneous signals the evolving pitch pulse com ponent and the unvoiced noise like contribution A number of formulations for decompos...

This paper introduces a new technique to model the excitation waveform for a linear predictive speech coder. The target application is high quality speech coding for rates near 4 kb/s. Our pitch pulse evolution model decomposes the excitation into two separate but simultaneous signals: the evolving pitch pulse component and the unvoiced, noise-like contribution. A number of formulations for dec...

Cardiovascular events are more common in the winter months, possibly because of hemodynamic alterations in response to cold exposure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute facial cooling on central aortic pressure, arterial stiffness, and wave reflection. Twelve healthy subjects (age 23 +/- 3 yr; 6 men, 6 women) underwent supine measurements of carotid-femoral pulse wav...

Palpation of the radial pulses is an important technique in traditional Chinese medicine. Two double-blind randomized trials of the effects of real and sham acupuncture on radial artery hemodynamics were conducted in 19 patients regularly exposed to acupuncture (sensitized subjects) and in 8 healthy subjects devoid of previous exposure (naive subjects), respectively. Radial artery diameter and ...

Optical arbitrary waveform generation using the line-by-line pulse shaping technique has been shown to be sensitive to variations in the offset frequency of the input frequency comb due to time-domain waveform interference. Here we present a frequency-domain model that is able to predict waveform changes arising from offset frequency variations. In experiments we controllably shift the frequenc...

The problem of radar waveform design is of fundamental importance in designing state-of-the-art radar systems. The possibility to vary the transmitted signal on a pulse-by-pulse basis opens the door to great enhancement in estimation and detection capability as well as improved robustness to jamming. Furthermore modern radars can detect and track multiple targets simultaneously. Therefore, desi...

BACKGROUND In the evaluation of patients with acute asthma, pulsus paradoxus (PP) is an objective and noninvasive indicator of the severity of airway obstruction. However, in children PP may be difficult or impossible to measure. Indwelling arterial catheters facilitate the measurement of PP, but they are invasive and generally reserved for critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the ...