Recent history of the health care system The health care system was highly centralized in line with the Semashko model of the Soviet Union. The entire population had access to a comprehensive range of medical services free at the point of access. Following independence, devastating economic and sociopolitical problems forced a radical reform programme which introduced out-of-pocket payments for...

А new species and a new subspecies of Satyrium Scudder, 1876 (subfamily Theclinae, tribe Eumaeini) from the subgenera Superflua Strand, 1910 and Armenia Dubatolov & Korshunov, 1984 respectively are described from Bamyan Province, Central Afghanistan-S. (S.) skrylniki sp. n. and S. (A.) hyrcanica bamiana ssp. n. The new species of Superflua belongs to the Iranian complex of species. It inhabits ...

On Saturday, April 26th, 1986 at 1:23 am, Block 4 of the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl exploded. The plant was located approximately 100 km north of the Ukrainian capital Kiev, near the border with Belarus. 180,000 kilograms of highly radioactive material is inside the reactor at the time an amount equal to 1,000 Hiroshima bombs. About 1019 Bq of radioactive material – consisting of at least...

Geographically MS describes three frequency zones. High frequency areas (prevalence 30+ per 100 000) now comprise most of Europe, Israel, Canada, northern US, southeastern Australia, New Zealand, and easternmost Russia. Medium frequency areas include southern US, most of Australia, South Africa, the southern Mediterranean basin, Russia into Siberia, the Ukraine and parts of Latin America. Preva...

the chechen republic (commonly referred to as chechnya) is a part of vast territory of russian federation that has been a source of contention since collapse of the soviet :union:. identity elements and tattered cultural bonds have strained ties between two nations of chechnya and russia. various aspects of crisis in chechnya have been addressed by many theoretical approaches of international r...

Abstract Russia’s conquest of the northern shores Black Sea in late eighteenth century and their renaming as ‘New Russia’ contributed to a wider movement colonisation, settlement, re-signification territories worldwide under aegis imperial ideology. The adoption new name was also way erase memory former inhabitants region—in case Southern Ukraine, its Tatar Cossack populations, well Greek Jewis...

OBJECTIVE To assess how the frequency of low fruit and vegetable consumption has changed in countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) between 2001 and 2010 and to identify factors associated with low consumption. DESIGN Cross-sectional surveys. A standard questionnaire was administered at both time points to examine fruit and vegetable consumption frequency. Logistic regression analysis was ...

The paper studies the labor markets of 23 transition countries from eastern and central Europe—Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, East Germany, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia. It uses new micro-data from a large number of surveys on over 200,0...

the united states and russia are two important actors in international system. the geography of their national interests is global and extra-regional; therefore, the quality of their relationship affects the security of international system. it can create security or can cause insecurity in international system. after the disintegration of soviet :union: there has been more interaction between ...