BACKGROUND Malignant brain cancer persists as a major disease of morbidity and mortality in adults and is the second leading cause of cancer death in children. Many current therapies for malignant brain tumors fail to provide long-term management because they ineffectively target tumor cells while negatively impacting the health and vitality of normal brain cells. In contrast to brain tumor cel...

A ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate metabolic regimen; its effectiveness in the treatment of refractory epilepsy suggests that the mechanisms underlying its anticonvulsive effects differ from those targeted by conventional antiepileptic drugs. Recently, KD and analogous metabolic strategies have shown therapeutic promise in other neurologic disorders, such as reducing brain in...

objective in the majority of patients with intractable epilepsy, seizures can be well controlled with appropriate medication. however, current estimates indicate that some of patients with epilepsy are refractory to all forms of medical therapy. the surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy in children has  evolved with advances in technical innovations. these medically intractable patients ar...

Modified Atkins diet (MAD) is a less restrictive variety of the classical ketogenic diet (KD), used for treating patients with medically resistant epilepsy. There are only few reports comparing the two types of diets in terms of seizure reduction and tolerability. We compared the effect of a MAD evaluated prospectively on 33 consecutive children with medically resistant epilepsy, with a group o...

BACKGROUND Febrile seizures are the most common seizure disorder in childhood, associated with a significant rise in body temperature. However, post-infectious refractory afebrile form of seizures in previously healthy children is being increasingly recognized in around the world, which evolves into a chronic refractory form of epilepsy. The term 'Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome' (F...

PURPOSE To investigate early predictors (6 months after diagnosis) of refractory epilepsy. METHODS STUDY DESIGN prospective cohort study. INCLUSION CRITERIA all consecutive children <14 years with two or more unprovoked seizures 24h apart, who were seen at our hospital between 1994 and 2004. EXCLUSION CRITERIA patients previously examined in other centres. DEFINITIONS refractory epil...

Background Dietary therapies play a crucial role in managing patients, especially those who have specific types of epilepsy, display adverse effects, or are not responding to pharmacological treatments. The ketogenic diet (KD) is high-fat, restricted carbohydrate, and adequate protein regimen. KD has proven be an effective nonpharmacological treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) by genera...

Background: Kabuki syndrome is a rare disease. In 2018, global consensus on diagnostic criteria for (KS) was published, diagnosing KS both with and without molecular genetic confirmation. Neurological symptoms are major clinical problem in more than 80% of cases. Seizures occur frequency 10% to 40% syndrome. Various degrees severity epilepsy have been reported. There isolated cases West worldwi...

Background We aimed to investigate the expression levels of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in peripheral blood of patients with refractory epilepsy. Methods Patients with epilepsy (n=24) and those with refractory epilepsy (n=24) were selected, and 30 normal volunteers were enrolled as control....

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SE) is characterized by unresponsiveness to initial anaesthetic therapy. This definition encompasses a SE that continues or recurs 24 h or more after the onset of anaesthetic therapy and includes those cases in which SE recurs on the reduction or withdrawal of anaesthesia. Treatment is difficult due to the failure of firstand second-line therapy. As no contr...