Information processing in certain neuronal networks in the brain can be considered as a map of binary vectors, where ones (spikes) and zeros (no spikes) of input neurons are transformed into spikes and no spikes of output neurons. A simple but fundamental characteristic of such a map is how it transforms distances between input vectors. In particular what is the mean distance between output vec...

Testing embedded cores is a challenge because access to core I/Os is limited. The user-defined logic (UDL) surrounding the core may restrict the set of test vectors that can be applied to the core. This is especially a problem for intellectual property cores and legacy design cores where the set of test vectors used to test the core is “fixed” independent of the design in which the core is embe...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Vocal cord scar formation and laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) are challenging problems for otolaryngologists. Sendai virus (SeV) vectors have been shown to transduce airway epithelium efficiently, and are thus ideal for modulating airway wound-healing therapy. To assess the potential utility of SeV gene therapy for laryngotracheal diseases, we established a novel LTS model ...

In this paper we introduce a spectral method of register transfer level (RTL) test generation for sequential circuits. We define RTL faults as stuck-at faults on all primary inputs, primary outputs, and flip-flop terminals. Test vectors generated to cover the RTL faults are analyzed using Hadamard matrices. The analysis determines the amplitudes of prominent Walsh functions and the random noise...

The aim of this study was to investigate the stress distribution in a 3-D model of two-rooted tooth (first maxillary premolar) under two different occlusal force vectors by using finite element analysis. In the first model overall force of 200 N was divided into three vectors (cusp to fossa occlusion), and in the second model overall force was divided into 4 vectors (cusp to fossa and cusp to m...

A binary vector is a standard tool in the transformation of higher plants mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. It is composed of the borders of T-DNA, multiple cloning sites, replication functions for Escherichia coli and A. tumefaciens, selectable marker genes, reporter genes, and other accessory elements that can improve the efficiency of and/or give further capability to the system. A supe...

Optical flow is one of the standard computer vision methods for computing motion vectors. The key idea is to derive motion vectors from intensity gradients and differences of subsequent images. This model is analogous to advection equations in meteorology which motivates testing the method for weather radar data. Also the computational simplicity of optical flow makes it an interesting alternat...

Background: Pseudomonas protein expression in E. coli is known to be a setback due to signifi cant genetic variation and absence of several genetic elements in E. coli for regulation and activation of Pseudomonas proteins. Modifi cations in promoter/repressor system and shuttle plasmid maintenance have made the expression of stable and active Pseudomonas protein possible in bot...

Lentiviral vectors are promising gene delivery tools capable of transducing a variety of dividing and non-dividing cells, including pluripotent stem cells which are refractory for transduction by murine retroviruses. Although there is a growing debate on the safety of lentiviral vectors for gene transfer, in particular for those derived from human immunodeficiency viruses, type one (HIV-1) and ...