Learning curves are used extensively in business, science, technology, engineering, and industry to predict system performance over time. Although most of the early development and applications were in the area of production engineering, contemporary applications can be found in all areas of applications. Information technology project management, in particular, offers a fertile area for the ap...

This research used the spectroradiometer (Pritchard Model 1980 B) to measure the spectral radiance factors of women's maxillary anterior teeth. The following conclusions were reached: 1. The spectral distributions of the anterior teeth were all similar at the cervical, middle, and incisal areas respectively. Their spectral distributions ran in parallel at an almost equal distance, with the curv...

‎In the present study‎, ‎we consider a regular curve in Galilean‎ ‎$4$-space $mathbb{G}_{4}$ whose position vector is written as a‎ ‎linear combination of its Frenet vectors‎. ‎We characterize such‎ ‎curves in terms of their curvature functions‎. ‎Further‎, ‎we obtain‎ ‎some results of rectifying‎, ‎constant ratio‎, ‎$T$-constant and‎ ‎$N$-constant curves in $mathbb{G}_{4}$‎.

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves provide a powerful tool for visualizing and comparing classification results. Regression Error Characteristic (REC) curves generalize ROC curves to regression. REC curves plot the error tolerance on the xaxis versus the percentage of points predicted within the tolerance on the y-axis. The resulting curve estimates the cumulative distribution funct...

Groundwater resource is a very important water resource that has stable temperature, clear, tidy and confident. In recent years, population growth, industrialize and need to food and water, have exposed the groundwater resource on the risk. Reduction of water resources is a main problem in throughout the world. In this research groundwater potential mapping was obtained in Norabad plain, Lorest...

Bookkeeping models are used to estimate land-use change (LUC) carbon fluxes (ELUC). These models combine time 10 series of areas subject to different LUC types with response curves of carbon pools in ecosystems and harvested products after a unit change of land use. The level of detail of bookkeeping models depends on the number of response curves used for different regions, the carbon pools th...

So far we have discussed only ‘local’ properties of (plane) curves. These properties depend only on the behavior of a curve near a given point, and not on the ‘global’ shape of the curve. Now let us look at some global results about curves. The most famous, and perhaps the oldest, of these is the ‘isoperimetric inequality’, which relates the length of a certain ‘closed’ curve to the area it con...

Elliptic curves scalar multiplication over some …nite …elds, attractive research area, which paid much attention by researchers in the recent years. Researchs still in progress to improve elliptic curves cryptography implementation and reducing it’s complexity. Elliptic curve point-halving algorithm proposed in [11] and later double-base chain [3] and step multi-base chain [19] are among e¢ cie...

In this paper, extending the work by Gourieroux, Monfort and Polimenis (2006) [78], we present a general discrete-time affine framework aimed at jointly modeling yield curves that are associated with different issuers. The underlying fixed-income securities may differ in terms of credit quality and/or in terms of liquidity. The risk factors follow discrete-time Gaussian processes, with drifts a...

Background Scoliosis is the most common congenital disorder. The vertebral disorder can be due to failure of formation, segmentation or their combination. Complete formation failure results in hemivertebra that can cause asymmetrical growth and deformity. The etiopathogenesis of congenital scoliosis is still unclear. Twenty-five percent of congenital curves do not progress, 25% undergoes mild p...