Unmitigated arc-faults present fire dangers, shock hazards, and cause system downtime in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The 2011 National Electrical Code® added section 690.11 to require a listed arc-fault protection device on new PV systems. Underwriters Laboratories created the outline of investigation for PV DC arc-fault circuit protection, UL 1699B, for certifying arc-fault circuit interrupters...

The most common method used to fabricate carbon nanotubes is electric-arc discharge. An electric arc is an electrical breakdown of a gas which produces an ongoing plasma discharge, similar to the instant spark, resulting from a current flowing through normally nonconductive material such as air. The arc occurs in the gas-filled space between two conductive electrodes (often made of carbon) and ...

Electron density distribution during an alternative current gas tungsten arc generated under Mars-like atmosphere in a vacuum chamber was measured to clarify characteristics atmosphere. The electron by Abel inversion processing and infrared method for plasma diagnostic, which obtained the spectral radiance of arc. Measured results showed that electrode negative period spreader than on Earth. Mo...

The mediobasal hypothalamus regulates functions necessary for survival, including body energy balance and adaptation to stress. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the contribution of the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in controlling these two functions by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Circular, horizontal cuts (1.0 mm radius) were placed immediately above the anterior ARC to sever affe...

• Time varying emission spectroscopy to characterize electrode deterioration. Highest rate of anode degradation occurring during arc jet startup. Characteristics the plasma estimated using a line-by-line radiation code. Analysis flow profile. The second generation miniature Arc Jet (mARC II) is subscale at NASA Ames Research Center that undergoing initial characterization. During its operation,...

The use of plasma arc technologies, especially in the treatment of hazardous wastes, is set to expand. The technology is intermediate within the waste management hierarchy and is characterised as an Advanced Conversion Technique (ACT) with Best Available Technique (BAT) attributes. Adoption is driven by the increasing stringency of environmental regulations, the requirement for efficient resour...

A new spectroscopic parameter is used in this paper for on-line arc-welding quality monitoring. Plasma spectroscopy applied to welding diagnostics has typically relied on the estimation of the plasma electronic temperature, as there is a known correlation between this parameter and the quality of the seams. However, the practical use of this parameter gives rise to some uncertainties that could...

Cathodic vacuum arc plasmas can be used to produce well adherent, dense, highquality films and coatings provided macroparticles are removed from the plasma. Both plasma and macroparticles are produced at cathode spots, and in most cases both can easily be observed because they emit light. The nature of this light emission is briefly discussed. Using open, curved solenoids as magnetic filters, o...

Abstract the metal component arc plasma at muzzle of railgun is simulated by magneto-hydro-dynamic(MHD) model, and flow field under interaction between armature jet during movement position modeled simulated. The sheath model considered in simulation near movement. According to calculation results MHD transient current curve through analyzed, based on results, electromagnetic armature-arc-rail ...