97 This chapter discusses the organisational context in which knowledge is acquired in Arab countries through the transfer and adaptation of technology. The discussion considers issues such as: the importance of national innovation systems; policy and institutional prerequisites for establishing a knowledge economy; and the vital role of entrepreneurs. It reviews the experience of Arab countrie...

This paper adopts Charles Tilley’s “War-Driven Model” to discuss the state-building of Arab countries in Middle East. discusses two aspects national capacity and identity state construction, argues that due special geopolitics East countries, region cannot improve their war, including financial absorption social control capacity; on one hand, war domestic ethnic conflict have fallen into a vici...