Most epithelial cells contain two AP-1 clathrin adaptor complexes. AP-1A is ubiquitously expressed and involved in transport between the TGN and endosomes. AP-1B is expressed only in epithelia and mediates the polarized targeting of membrane proteins to the basolateral surface. Both AP-1 complexes are heterotetramers and differ only in their 50-kD mu1A or mu1B subunits. Here, we show that AP-1A...

1. Diadenosine polyphosphates (Ap(n)As, n=2 - 7) are considered as stress mediators in the cardiovascular system. They act both via identified P2 purinoceptors and via yet to be characterized receptors. This study analyses the actions of Ap(n)As in clones of rat brain capillary endothelial cells that express P2Y(1) receptors (B10 cells) or both P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) receptors (B7 cells). 2. B10 cel...

The recognition of 'regular' and 'oxidized' sites of base loss (AP sites) in DNA by various AP endonucleases was compared. Model substrates with regular AP sites (resulting from mere hydrolysis of the glycosylic bond) were produced by damaging bacteriophage PM2 DNA by exposure to low pH; those with AP sites oxidized at the C-4'- and C-1'-position of the sugar moiety by exposure to Fe(III)-bleom...

INTRODUCTION There are no real-world data on antiviral prophylaxis (AP) duration and risk of herpes zoster (HZ) given AP duration in patients receiving autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplants (auto-HSCT). The objectives of this study are to describe the duration of AP and to compare incidence of HZ by AP duration in auto-HSCT patients. METHODS This is a retrospective, observational dat...

The discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) were evaluated in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were trained to discriminate 4-AP from saline in a standard two-lever food reinforced drug discrimination procedure. 4-AP along with its structural analogs 3-aminopyridine (3-AP), 2-aminopyridine (2-AP), and 2,3-diaminopyridine (2,3-DIAP) produced dose-dependent increases in the...

Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes are major structural components of clathrin-coated vesicles, functioning in clathrin coat assembly and cargo selection. We have carried out a systematic biochemical and genetic characterization of AP complexes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using coimmunoprecipitation, the subunit composition of two complexes, AP-1 and AP-2R, has been defined. Th...

One of the most prevalent lesions in DNA is the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site, which is derived from the cleavage of the N-glycosyl bond by DNA glycosylase or by spontaneous depurination. AP sites are repaired by AP endonucleases during the process of base excision repair; however, an imbalance in this DNA repair system may cause mutations as well as cell death. We have established a sensitiv...

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common pancreatic disease and consists of an acute inflammation of the pancreas. AP can contribute to endocrine and exocrine insufficiencies in survivors as a result of the key role of the pancreas in both glucose metabolism and nutritional digestion. The aim of this population-based study was to determine the endocrine or exocrine insufficiencies in patients...

Among the various coats involved in vesicular transport, the clathrin associated coats that contain the adaptor complexes AP-1 and AP-2 are the most extensively characterized. The function of the recently described adaptor complex AP-3, which is similar to AP-1 and AP-2 in protein composition but does not associate with clathrin, is not known. By monitoring surface plasmon resonance we observed...