discoidin domain receptor (ddr) is a new member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. there are two isoforms of discoidin domain receptor (ddr), ddr1 and ddr2. these receptors play a major role in the adhesion, motility and cell proliferation. due to the important role of ddr2 in the development of tumor extension, this receptor is pivotal in the field of carcinogenesis. the aim of this study...

Abstract With the advancement of genetic engineering, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have made far-reaching progress in treatment various human diseases. However, due to high cost production, increasing demands for antibody-based therapies not been fully met. Currently, mAb-derived alternatives, such as antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain variable fragments, bispecifics, nanobodies, and...

Inhibition of type-5 phosphodiesterase by sildenafil decreases capacitative Ca2+ entry mediated by transient receptor potential proteins (TRPs) in the pulmonary artery. These families of channels, especially the canonical TRP (TRPC) subfamily, may be involved in the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark of asthma. In the present study, we evaluated i) the effects of sildenafi...

Background: The analysis of antigen-specific cytokine expression has been considered to evaluate the immune responses and vaccines efficacy in recent years. The aim of this study was to compare the cell-mediated immune response characteristics of two Capri pox virus (CaPV) vaccines against lumpy skin disease in cattle. Materials and Methods: Two Capri pox virus vaccines were administered to da...

hepatitis b surface antigen is the first genetically engineered vaccine licensed for human use. various strategies have been proposed to obtain a vaccine that would bypass the need for injection. in this study, a non-toxic portion of heat-stable enterotoxin of escherichia coli that is capable of adhering to epithelial cells was inserted at amino acid position 112 of hepatitis surface antigen. t...

citrus tristeza virus (ctv) is among the most destructive pathogens of citrus and causes substantial economic losses in citrus-growing industry worldwide. considering recent distribution of this pathogen and its capability of transmission by existing aphid vectors in iran, detection of this virus is enforceable for controlling the damage caused by this pathogen in iran, as one of the major citr...

Our previous immunohistochemical studies for the expression of MUC1 mucin antigen (which was detected by monoclonal antibody DF3) and MUC2 mucin antigen (which was detected by polyclonal antibody anti-MRP) in pancreatic and intrahepatic bile duct tumors demonstrated that invasive carcinoma with poor outcome showed a pattern of MUC1+ and MUC2- expression, whereas many of the noninvasive tumors w...

Abstract CD154 pathway blockade has been shown to significantly improve graft survival in transplantation. Recently, CD11b was identified as an alternate receptor for CD154. CD154:CD11b interactions promote rejection by increasing the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells into allograft. However, effects on protective response infection during immunosuppression not elucidated. To addr...