hydroalcoholic extract of pycnocycla spinosa has spasmolytic effect in vitro and antidiarrhoeal action in vivo . the aim of this research was to separate fractions of total hydroalcoholic extract of p. spinosa guided by their spasmolytic activity. aerial parts of p. spinosa were extracted with ethanol. the concentrated extract was subjected to column chromatography and thin layer chromatography...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the preprotachykinin A gene-derived peptides substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are expressed in extrinsic primary afferent nerve fibres and intrinsic enteric neurons of the gut. The actions of tachykinins on the digestive effector systems are mediated by three different types of tachykinin receptor, termed NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptors, while the ga...