BACKGROUND Influenza causes lower respiratory tract complications (LRTCs), particularly bronchitis and pneumonia, in both otherwise healthy adults and those with underlying conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oseltamivir treatment on the incidence of LRTCs leading to antibiotic treatment and hospitalizations following influenza illness. METHODS We analyzed prospectiv...

To date, several strategies have been developed to provide local antibiotic therapy in the treatment of osteomyelitis, such as antibiotic-loaded bone cement, antibiotic-impregnated collagen sponges, polymethylmethacrylate beads, antibiotic-loaded bone graft, antibiotic-loaded synthetic bone substitutes, and antibiotic-coated implants. The optimum carrier for local antibiotic therapy has not bee...

OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency and factors associated with antibiotic use in early childhood, and estimate the proportion of diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses episodes treated with antibiotics. METHODS Between 2009 and 2014, we followed 2134 children from eight sites in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa and the United Republic of Tanzania, enrolled in the M...

The treatment of Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections faces several challenges, such as the increased incidence antibiotic-resistant strains fact that antibiotics available to treat methicillin-resistant S. present low bioavailability, are not easily metabolized, cause severe secondary effects. Moreover, besides susceptibility pattern isolates detected in vitro, during patient ...

Introduction: Calf diarrhea is one of the significant problems in dairy farms associated with treatment costs and reduced livestock production. Salmonellae are among the most common and the major causative agents of diarrhea in calves and humans. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify Salmonella in fecal samples of calves in industrial dairy farms of Hamedan and to determine ...

Background: Leukocytospermia is found in both fertile and infertile men with and without evidence of infections of the genital tract. However, despite extensive research done in this subject, the clinical implications of this condition remain unclear. Leukocytes are also commonly found in semen samples, and a level above 1×106/mL is considered pathologic according to WHO criteria. Non-steroidal...

BACKGROUND Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) are usually treated with antibiotics as recommended by primary care guidelines. Antibiotic treatment supports clinical cure in individual patients but also leads to emerging resistance rates in the population. We designed a comparative effectiveness study to investigate whether the use of antibiotics for uncomplicated UTI could be reduced ...

Background Choosing a unique empiric treatment for ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) can be challenging. We aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the only referral pediatric hospital in Isfahan in order to design the optimal empiric treatment protocol. Materials and Methods: </strong...

reye's syndrome is defined as fatty liver degeneration and acute encephalopathy following diffused abnormal mitochondrial activity. we reported a two year old girl admitted with lethargy and meningismus despite no evidence of blood sugar decrease, history of previous viral disease or drug use, complete tests showed reye syndrome as the final diagnosis. conservative protocols and treatment inclu...