rodent ectoparasites seems have a main role in transmission of some zoonotic pathogens from commensal rats to human and pets such as leishmaniasis, plague, cchf, etc. so rodents as the main reservoirs, are potential health dangers in human communities. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and frequency of identified ectoparasites in north of tehran . rodents were captured with ...

Antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum P0 ribosomal phosphoprotein (PfP0) have been detected exclusively but extensively in malaria-immune persons. Polyclonal rabbit and mice sera were raised against two recombinant polypeptides of P. falciparum P0 protein, PfP0N and PfP0C, covering amino acids 17 to 61 and the remaining amino acids 61 to 316, respectively. Sera against both these domains...

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis remains a global health problem because of the substantial holes that remain in our understanding of sand fly ecology and the failure of traditional vector control methods. The specific larval food source is unknown for all but a few sand fly species, and this is particularly true for the vectors of Leishmania parasites. We provide methods and materials that could be us...

Exposure to prenatal stress (PNS) can lead long-lasting neurobiological and behavioral consequences for the offspring, which may enhance susceptibility mental disorders. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis immune system are two major factors involved in response. Here, we performed a systematic review meta-analysis of rodent studies that investigated effects PNS exposure on HPA inflam...

Introduction Human immunoglobulins as intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) have important uses in immunodeficiency disorders and hyperimmune sera are used to a small extent for prophylaxis of severely immunocompromised patients against hospital-acquired infections [ 13 and neonatal infections. Such sera, however, have to be derived from volunteers who have high titres of effective antibodies acqu...

fruits of olea europaea l. have been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat many inflammatory diseases. in order to evaluate the anti-nociceptive activities of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of defatted fruits of o. europaea, formalin test was used and for evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of the extract, the volume of paw edema was measured. the results revealed that both extr...

Among the several delivery materials available so far, polysaccharides represent very attractive molecules as they can undergo a wide range of chemical modifications, are biocompatible, biodegradable, and have low immunogenic properties. Thus, polysaccharides can contribute to significantly overcome the limitation in the use of many types of drugs, including anti-cancer drugs. The use of conven...