Objectives: Despite the substantial loss of natural forest in the Bosomkese Forest Reserve, little is known on the effects of the massive habitat loss and degradation on forest biota. The study therefore assessed the effects of anthropogenic activities on butterfly species composition and abundance in the Bosomkese Forest reserve in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Methodology and Results: The ...

To examine levels, health risks, sources, and spatial distributions of potentially toxic elements in settled dust over Beijing urban area, 62 samples were collected mostly from residential building outdoor surfaces, and their <63 μm fractions were measured for 12 potentially toxic elements. The results show that V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Ba in dust are from predominantly natural sources, whereas C...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and the dominant anthropogenic stratospheric ozone-depleting emission. The tropospheric concentration of N2O continues to increase, with animal production systems constituting the largest anthropogenic source. Stable isotopes of nitrogen (N) provide tools for constraining emission sources and, following the temporal dynamics of N2O, providing addit...

Within aquatic ecosystems, periphytic biofilms can be hot spots of denitrification, and previous work has suggested that algal taxa within periphyton can influence the species composition and activity of resident denitrifying bacteria. This study tested the hypothesis that algal species composition within biofilms influences the structure and function of associated denitrifying bacterial commun...

We investigate the climate response to changing US anthropogenic aerosol sources over the 1950–2050 period by using the NASA GISS general circulation model (GCM) and comparing to observed US temperature trends. Time-dependent aerosol distributions are generated from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to historical emission inventories and future projections. Radiative forcing from U...

The distributional pattern of dissolved arsenic concentrations from landfill plumes can provide clues to the source of arsenic contamination. Under simple idealized conditions, arsenic concentrations along flow paths in aquifers proximal to a landfill will decrease under anthropogenic sources but potentially increase under in situ sources. This paper presents several conceptual distributional p...

Response: GEM is emitted from oceans due to evasion from the ocean surface. Oceans make up the largest natural source of Hg globally and includes primary emissions and emissions of previously-deposited Hg originating from natural and anthropogenic sources. GOM production over the ocean is also possible by in situ GEM oxidation involving oxidants, e.g. reactive Br (since the ocean is a major sou...

Global and regional emission inventories of mercury are reviewed with special emphasis on the source regions with potential impact on the Arctic environment. These sources are located mostly in Eurasia and North America and emit almost 1300 t of rig to the air annually. Combustion of fossil fuels to produce electricity and heat is the major source of rig. Major portion of the element emissions ...

0022-1694/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.03.039 * Corresponding author. Fax: +814 863 7304. E-mail address: [email protected] (C.J. Duffy). It is generally accepted that the seasonal cycle of precipitation and temperature in cordillera of the western US exhibits a north–south pattern for annual, interannual and decadal time scales related to largescale climate pa...