BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to clarify the relationship between demographic and surgical factors and operating time, and thus operative difficulty, in patients undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection for mid-low rectal cancer, since different studies have derived different results. METHODS The records of patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic anterior ...

This study evaluates the exposure of the distal humerus articular surface obtained using a triceps hemi-peel approach versus the triceps-flexor carpi ulnaris (TRIFCU) approach. Twelve cadaveric upper extremity specimens were dissected using a lateral-to-medial hemi-peel modification of the TRIFCU approach to the elbow. After completing the hemi-peel exposure, the visible border of the articular...

Positioning neurons in the right places and wiring axons to the appropriate targets are essential events for establishment of neural circuits. In the zebrafish olfactory system, precursors of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) assemble into a compact cluster to form the olfactory placode. Subsequently, OSNs differentiate and extend their axons to the presumptive olfactory bulb with high precision...

XIHbox 6 is an early spatially restricted marker for molecular studies of neural induction. The sequence of the full-length XIHbox 6 protein is reported. An antibody raised against a beta-galactosidase/XIHbox 6 fusion protein was used to analyze the expression of XIHbox 6 proteins during frog embryogenesis. The anterior border of XIHbox 6 expression lies just posterior of the hindbrain/spinal c...

Upstream regulatory sequences that control gene expression evolve rapidly, yet the expression patterns and functions of most genes are typically conserved. To address this paradox, we have reconstructed computationally and resurrected in vivo the cis-regulatory regions of the ancestral Drosophila eve stripe 2 element and evaluated its evolution using a mathematical model of promoter function. O...

Results: Dissection produced 6 easily identifiable and reproducible anatomic footprints. Tibial footprints included the insertion of the ALL and an insertion of the biceps femoris (TBF). Fibular footprints included the insertion of the FCL, a distal insertion of the biceps femoris (DBF), a medial footprint of the biceps femoris (MBF), and a proximal footprint of the biceps femoris (PBF). The me...

purpose : to introduce a small incision technique of fascia lata (fl) harvesting for frontalis suspension blepharoptosis procedure. methods : a skin incision was made in a line between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the anterior superior iliac crest, starting 4- 5 cm above the knee and extending upward 2- 2.5 cm . approximately 8 cm superior to the first incision, a second skin incision w...

Hip arthroscopy (HA) is considered to be a very difficult and demanding surgical procedure, special instruments, an image intensifier and a fracture table or hip distractor are required to access the hip joint, the most common and worldwide used HA technique is entering blindly to the central compartment with the use of fluoroscopy and continuous distraction; with the potential danger if perfor...

PURPOSE. To investigate the normative data of corneal and anterior segment biometric parameters and their associations in Chinese adults, for use in preoperative assessment for corneal and anterior segment surgery. METHODS. This cross-sectional, population-based study included 750 subjects aged > or =50 years. The subjects underwent an ophthalmic examination including imaging with anterior segm...

BACKGROUND L5 radiculopathy is a common problem that has several causes. Entrapment of the L5 nerve root by anterior osteophytes at the L5-S1 junction is rarely reported. Posterior decompression of the L5 nerve root is commonly performed, but anterior decompression of the L5 nerve root is not a frequently performed procedure. The purpose of this case report is to describe an uncommon case of L5...