All 1358 referrals for barium enemas at Bristol Royal Infirmary in 1981 were studied. The overall diagnostic yield for colonic or distal ileal pathology was 33% with 75 (5.5%) cancers detected. General practitioner requested enemas constituted 25.8% of the total undertaken and their diagnostic yield was equal to hospital outpatient requested enemas. Medical and surgical diagnostic yields were s...

Monochloramine is a powerful oxidative molecule that is produced in inflammatory sites. We investigated the effect of intrarectally administered monochloramine (3.2 mg) in the rat. A single enema induced after 24 h an intense inflammatory reaction characterized by mucosal necrosis, submucosal edema, hemorrhage and colonic thickening, as well as induction of nitric oxide synthase and tumor necro...

AIMS To determine the harm that ensues from faecal occult blood (FOB) screening for colorectal cancer. METHODS 150 251 people were randomly allocated either to receive biennial Haemoccult FOB tests (n =75 253) or not to be contacted (n=74 998). Study group patients returning positive tests were offered colonic investigation; 1774 underwent complete investigation of the colon. RESULTS There ...

The New England Journal of Medicine published the results of the National polyp surveillance (NPS) study in reference to colon cancer mortality among patients with colonic adenomas [1]. This is a prospective study of 2,602 patients who were enrolled from 1980 to 1990 to undergo colonoscopy and followed up for a median time of 15.8 years, with a maximum of 23 years. Only higher-risk patients wer...

Obestatin, a 23-amino acid peptide derived from the proghrelin, has been shown to exhibit some protective and therapeutic effects in the gut. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of obestatin administration on the course of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Materials and Methods. Studies have been performed on male Wistar rats. Colitis was induced by a rectal enema with 3.5% ...

CC This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Figure 1. Abdominal X-ray and CT findings. (A) The plain abdominal radio-graph shows ile...

CASE REPORT A 75-year-old female patient presented with painless haematuria. IVP was normal and at cystoscopy a globular swelling found at the fundus of the bladder was resected. Histology revealed pan-mural inflammation with abundant submucosal oedema. The urothelium showed no evidence of dysplasia or malignancy. Two months later in the out patient clinic a periumbilical fistulous tract opened...

BACKGROUND Severe angulation or shortening can be a surgical indication for fifth metacarpal neck fracture. In a previous meta-analysis, antegrade intramedullary pinning was shown to produce better hand function outcomes than percutaneous transverse pinning or miniplate fixation for treatment of fifth metacarpal neck fractures. However, the outcomes of retrograde intramedullary pinning, to our ...

OBJECTIVE To compare the acceptability and efficacy of two methods of self administered bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy screening: a single phosphate enema and a single sachet of Picolax. DESIGN Single blind, randomised trial. SETTING Endoscopy units of two general hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 1442 men and women aged 55-64 years who had agreed to be screened by flexible sigmoidosc...