I develop a model of R&D cooperation with uncertain research outcomes. In this model asymmetric outcomes of R&D competition emerge naturally. Therefore ex-ante and ex-post R&D cooperation can be studied as alternatives for firms. Using this model I compare welfare losses under ex-ante and ex-post R&D cooperation as the degree of product market competition varies. It emerges that the relative si...

In this paper, we study consumption decisions under risk assuming a prioritarian social welfare function, namely a concave transformation of individual utility functions. Under standard assumptions, there is always more current consumption under ex ante prioritarianism than under utilitarianism. Thus, a concern for equity (in the ex ante prioritarian sense) means less concern for the risky futu...

Noise issues are becoming an important concern in digital systems due to the aggressive scaling trends in devices and interconnections. To address this problem a new noise-tolerant dynamic circuit technique suitable for dynamic logic styles is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed technique improves the ANTE by 3.4 and 2.8 over conventional dynamic True Single-Phase-Clock (TSPC) ...

We study if and how social preferences extend to risky environments. We provide experimental evidence from different versions of dictator games with risky outcomes, and establish that preferences that are exclusively based on ex post or on ex ante comparisons cannot generate the observed behavioral patterns. The more money decision-makers transfer in the standard dictator game, the more likely ...

This paper analyses the political constraints of intergenerational risk sharing. The …rst result is that the political process generally does not lead to ex ante optimal insurance. The second result is that in a second best political setting PAYG still contributes to intergenerational risk sharing. The third result is that aging increases the discrepancy between …rst-best and second-best transf...

background previous studies have mostly focused on socio-demographic and health-related determinants of health-related behaviors. although comprehensive health insurance coverage could discourage individual lifestyle improvement due to the ex-ante moral hazard problem, few studies have examined such effects. this study examines the association of a comprehensive set of factors including socio-d...

After classifying relevance approaches into ante-, inand postvalidity approaches I present the replacement criterion for relevance and demonstrate some of its applications, in particular to theorem proving.

INTRODUCTION The Instrumento de Evaluación de Modelos de Atención ante la Cronicidad/Assessment of Readiness for Chronicity in Health Care Organisations instrument was developed to implement the conceptual framework of the Chronic Care Model in the Spanish national health system. It has been used to assess readiness to tackle chronicity in health care organisations. In this study, we use self-a...

• Nash noncooperative theory • Ex ante decision-making and decision criterion for Nash theory A N-person normal form game is given as a triple:

This study compares ex ante estimates of the direct costs of individual regulations to ex post assessments of the same regulations. Our review of more than two dozen environmental and occupational safety regulations indicates that ex ante estimates of total (direct) costs have tended to exceed actuals. We find this to be true of 12 of the 25 rules in our data set, while for only 6 were the ex a...