MOTIVATION The massively parallel sequencing technology can be used by small research labs to generate genome sequences of their research interest. However, annotation of genomes still relies on the manual process, which becomes a serious bottleneck to the high-throughput genome projects. Recently, automatic annotation methods are increasingly more accurate, but there are several issues. One im...

Fixed, limited budgets often constrain the amount of expert annotation that can go into the construction of annotated corpora. Estimating the cost of annotation is the first step toward using annotation resources wisely. We present here a study of the cost of annotation. This study includes the participation of annotators at various skill levels and with varying backgrounds. Conducted over the ...

It is widely recognized that the proliferation of annotation schemes runs counter to the need to re-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly mandatory. To answer this need, we have developed a framework comprised of an abstract model for a variety of different annotation types (e.g., morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic annotation, co-referen...

Manual annotation of genomic data is extremely valuable to produce an accurate reference gene set but is expensive compared with automatic methods and so has been limited to model organisms. Annotation tools that have been developed at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (WTSI, http://www.sanger.ac.uk/.) are being used to fill that gap, as they can be used remotely and so open up viable communi...

We present a new way to get more morphologically and syntactically annotated data. We have developed an annotation editor tailored to school children to involve them in text annotation. Using this editor, they practice morphology and dependency-based syntax in the same way as they normally do at (Czech) schools, without any special training. Their annotation is then automatically transformed in...

Automatic pre-annotation is often used to improve human annotation speed and accuracy. We address here out-of-domain named entity annotation, and examine whether automatic pre-annotation is still beneficial in this setting. Our study design includes two different corpora, three pre-annotation schemes linked to two annotation levels, both expert and novice annotators, a questionnaire-based subje...

Annotating large text corpora is a timeconsuming effort. Although single-user annotation tools are available, web-based annotation applications allow for distributed annotation and file access from different locations. In this paper we present the webbased annotation application Serengeti for annotating anaphoric relations which will be extended for the annotation of lexical chains.

The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the easy creation of ontology-based metadata, viz. semantic annotation. We provide a framework, CREAM, that allows the creation of semantic annotation on the Shallow and the Deep Web. Hence, it supports the manual annotation, the semi-automatic annotation, the authoring of web pages with the simultaneous creation of metadata, and the deep ann...

Spatial annotations form part of the Semantic Annotation Framework (SemAF). The current development SemAF-Space (ISO 24617-7) provides a formal specification but does not provide annotation guidelines. In my talk I will compare this approach with the approach developed for the annotation of preposition senses in Müller et al. (2011), where the annotation guidelines form the annotation specifica...

The process of document annotation for the Semantic Web is complex and time consuming, as it requires a great deal of manual annotation. Information extraction from texts (IE) is a technology used by some very recent systems for reducing the burden of annotation. The integration of IE systems in annotation tools is quite a new development and there is still the necessity of thinking the impact ...