In this paper, the equivalent medium of Schwarzschild metric is discussed. The corresponding ray-tracing equations are integrated for the equivalent medium of the Schwarzschild geometry, which describes the curved space around a spherically symmetric, irrotational, and uncharged blackhole. We make comparison to the well-known expression by Einstein. While Einstein's estimate is reasonably good ...

We investigate the magnetic properties of a Heisenberg ferrimagnetic multilayer by using Monte Carlo simulations. The aim of this work is to study the local structural anisotropy model which is a possible origin of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in transition metal/rare earth amorphous multilayers. We have considered a face centered cubic lattice where each site is occupied by a classica...

In order to compare their anisotropy behavior, Tm2Fe17 Ga and Sm2Fe17 Ga (0 8) powders were magnetically aligned using either static-field or dynamic-field methods. Magnetization measurements were carried out along both the easy and hard magnetic directions for temperatures 10 350 K and fields up to 50 kOe. Spin-reorientation behavior was observed in all of the Tm2Fe17 Ga samples studied; the n...

This paper details the derivation of rotationally invariant scalar measures from higher-rank diffusion tensors (DTs) and functions defined on a unit sphere. This was accomplished with the use of an expression that generalizes the evaluation of the trace operator to tensors of arbitrary rank, and even to functions whose domains are the unit sphere. It is shown that the mean diffusivity is invari...

Magnetic anisotropy and the elongation/inclination (E–I) approaches have been increasingly employed as two important means for detecting and correcting the paleomagnetic inclination shallowing in sedimentary rocks that was first recognized 60 years ago. Both approaches are based on certain assumptions, and thus have advantages and intrinsic limitations in investigating shallow inclinations in s...

Diffusion tensor microimaging at 16.4 T with 40µm isotropic voxels was to investigate anisotropic water diffusion in prostate tissue at spatial resolution approaching the cellular scale. Nine normal tissue and two cancer samples were collected from the peripheral zone of six formalin fixed radical prostatectomy specimens. Fibromuscular stromal tissue exhibited microscopic diffusion anisotropy (...

A new Reynolds stress anisotropy closure that includes nonlocal and nonequilibrium effects in turbulent flows has been obtained from a recently proposed nonlocal anisotropy formulation. This formulation is based on a new nonlocal derivation of the rapid pressurestrain correlation, which rigorously accounts for nonlocal effects on the anisotropy due to spatial variations in the mean velocity gra...

Fractional anisotropy (FA), a very widely used measure of fiber integrity based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is a problematic concept as it is influenced by several quantities including the number of dominant fiber directions within each voxel, each fiber's anisotropy, and partial volume effects from neighboring gray matter. With High-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) and the t...

Human exhibits an anisotropy in direction perception: discrimination is superior when motion is around horizontal or vertical rather than diagonal axes. In contrast to the consistent directional anisotropy in perception, we found only small idiosyncratic anisotropies in smooth pursuit eye movements, a motor action requiring accurate discrimination of visual motion direction. Both pursuit and pe...

We explore the relationship between interface structure and magnetic anisotropy in three types of Co-based superlattices: Cohcp-AU; Cofcc-Cu; and CohcP-Cr, grown epitaxially on GaAs( 110). For very thin layers of Co, Co-Au, and Co-Cu superlattices exhibit a perpendicular easy axis due to magnetoelastic contributions to the anisotropy energy. The magnetic anisotropy in Co-Cr is found to be stron...