Current theory suggests that many signaling systems evolved from preexisting cues. In aposematic systems, prey warning signals benefit both predator and prey. When the signal is highly beneficial, a third species often evolves to mimic the toxic species, exploiting the signaling system for its own protection. We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of predator cue utilization and prey signali...

BACKGROUND Self-poisoning usually occurs by the ingestion of a single lethal compound and majority of the poisoning cases in our country are due to the pesticides. Suicide by ingestion of more than one poisonous substance is rare except alcohol and multiple drugs. To the best of our knowledge, suicidal ingestion of a mixture of rodenticide and battery acid has not been reported before in medica...

nuated blood, with the altered character of its elements; the dilatation of the pupils; the foaming at the mouth; and the general lethargy, followed by convulsions and death. J This is not a poisonous snake. It is known also, in Bengal, as Betaehra. The term lineatus has been suggested by Dr. Sircar, because of the resemblance of the snake to the one described under that namely Russel at page 3...

The unripe fruits of certain species are red. Some of these species disperse their seeds by wind (Nerium oleander, Anabasis articulata), others by adhering to animals with their spines (Emex spinosa) or prickles (Hedysarum spinosissimum). Certainly neither type uses red coloration as advertisement to attract the seed dispersing agents. Fleshy-fruited species (Rhamnus alaternus, Rubus sanguineus...

The purpose of this work was to conduct plant monitoring in the vicinity Lake Kravtsovo within framework preserving animal and world biodiversity. Lake-swamp - a unique object Stavropol upland, here you can study diversity almost half entire flora fauna Territory. 139 species vascular plants were registered studied territory, among which 11 are subject protection – Paeonia tenuifolia L., Cladiu...