Several feed ingredients have been investigated in an attempt to substitute fishmeal in the diets of fish and livestock. These include both animal protein and plant protein sources. Unfortunately attempts to use these ingredients for complete replacement of the fishmeal component in tilapia diets have not entirely been successful. A major reason is the suboptimal content of essential amino acid...

Forage analyses are a valuable tool for determining the economic value of forages and for formulating efficient and profitable rations. To be useful, forage analyses must be determined accurately and interpreted correctly. The sample submitted must truly represent the feed being analyzed and the forage analyses must provide information that is relevant. There are reliable and repeatable methods...

Mycotoxin contamination of foods and animal feeds is a worldwide problem for human and animal health. Controlling mycotoxin contamination has drawn the attention of scientists and other food and feed stakeholders all over the world. Despite best efforts targeting field and storage preventive measures, environmental conditions can still lead to mycotoxin contamination. This raises a need for dev...

As the aquaculture industry becomes increasingly conscious of costs and benefits, it is searching for more “functional” feeds, many of which are augmented with key ingredients and compounds that promote animal growth and survival. In addition, plant proteins are increasingly used as alternatives to proteins from animal sources. The optimum production of feedstuffs with optimum dry matter conver...

Mammalian cell culture media used for the manufacture of therapeutic protein have advanced systematically from serum-containing into animal-free, protein-free and chemically defined formulations over the past decades. Initially driven by patient safety concerns associated with the use of animal-derived medium components, and later by inconsistent cell culture performance due to variability in p...

Poultry feeds are formulated using soybean meal and animal by-products as sources of protein. Animal proteins like fish meal, blood meat bone being shunned in formulating poultry nowadays because they associated with zoonotic diseases salmonellosis this has left the only source dietary protein broiler feeds. Soybean is short supply Zimbabwe country relying on some imports from South Africa Zamb...

Mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites of molds and have adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops, resulting in illnesses and economic losses. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hepatocarcinogen found in the milk from animals that have consumed feeds contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Milk is a highly nutritious food and is a source of necessary macro- and micro-nutrients for the growth, devel...