When estimating the absolute risk of cancer, the shape of the dose--response curve in the region of doses where actual exposure of man occurs is of crucial importance. This shape is equally important for the determination of relative risks, as in the comparison of risks from alternative energy sources. Experimental and epidemiological studies are, for various reasons, unable to give sufficientl...

an implantable stimulator, which provides continuous electrical stimulation and an external component, which provides preset stimulation parameters and power to the implanted stimulator via a paired RF (radio frequency) coil. A rechargeable internal battery and a parameter memory part were introduced to the implantable stimulator to avoid use of the external component during the stimulation cyc...

John Wearden Department of Psychology University of Manchester Manchester, M13 9PL U.K. Animal data on delayed-reward conditioning experiments shows a striking property the data for different time intervals collapses into a single curve when the data is scaled by the time interval. This is called the scalar property of interval timing. Here a simple model of a neural clock is presented and show...

Background and Purpose—Based on the results of animal experiments, clinical trials were performed with nimodipine, which did not demonstrate a beneficial effect on outcome after stroke. The aim of this study was to determine whether the evidence from animal experiments with nimodipine supported the use of nimodipine in clinical trials. Methods—We performed a systematic review of animal experime...

OBJECTIVES To study the feasibility and safety of using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-safe robot for assisting MRI-guided transrectal needle placement and biopsy in the prostate, using a canine model. To determine the accuracy and precision afforded by the use of the robot while targeting a desired location in the organ. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a study approved by the Institutional Anim...

Domjan and Purdy' s (July 1995) article made explicit three facts that teachers of psychology may not know but have long suspected: (a) Authors of general psychology textbooks cite animal experiments without mentioning that animal subjects were used; (b) authors discuss important concepts (e.g., motivation research) without mentioning that the work was based on animal experiments; and (c) autho...

Cerebellar functioning has been implied in the fine adjustments of muscle tone, in the coordination and the feed-forward control of movements and posture, as well as in the establishment and performance of motor skills. The cerebellar cortex in mammals develops late in neuro-ontogeny and an extrapolation from experimental results indicates that in the human the proliferation of the granule cell...

Progress continues in Russia with growing awareness and implementation of alternatives in education. Further outreach visits and negotiations for replacement have been made by InterNICHE campaigners. Russian language information resources have been complemented by the distribution of translated freeware physiology and pharmacology alternatives; and the InterNICHE Alternatives Loan Systems conti...