problems statement: new millennium started while more than half of world population lives in cities. this issue requires attendance of the citizens in affairs managemanet along with necessity of equipment, demands and needs. the important point is barriers and prohibiting factors which prevent participation. this article intends to answer these questions by reliance on research findings in 2009...

Faced to the economic and energetic context of our society, it is widely recognised that an alternative to fossil fuels and oil-based products will be needed in the nearest future. In this way, development of urban biorefinery could bring many solutions to this problem. Study of the implementation of urban biorefinery highlights two sustainable configurations that provide solutions to the Wallo...

The premise of this paper is that, despite the existence of a well-established international urban environmental agenda, cities effectively invent a different one of their own. From the political perspective of neoliberal urbanization, emphasis is placed on how environmental issues are assimilated, given meaning and translated into management practices and urban form. It is argued that environm...

Since the collapse of socialist system, cities in Central Eastern European countries have undergone dynamic transformation processes. Those processes attracted noteworthy scientific attention, particularly local academic circles, causing revived interest urban studies region. However, former has become centre discussion itself. This is mostly related to validity theories and methodologies born ...