All models of speciation involve some mechanism for the separation of biological populations that eventually leads to the formation of new species. In the case of aquatic species, biological evolution is often coincident with geological evolution, because populations can become geographically isolated among river systems as drainage morphologies evolve. Thus, for species that are completely res...

Crayfish: Northern crayfish Orconectes virilis Louisiana crayfish Procambarus clarkii Water nymph crayfish Orconectes nais Rusty crayfish Orconectes rusticus Utah is inhabited by a single native crayfish known as the Pilose crayfish Pacifastacus (Hobbsastacus) gambelii. Its native range is in northern Utah’s Bear River, Weber River and Ogden River drainages and in the Raft River Mountain’s drai...

We describe herein the use of MR fluoroscopic guidance in the drainage of abscess cavities. We percutaneously drained 12 brain abscesses in 11 patients. A 0.3T open MR imaging system was used. Sixteen drainages were performed in 12 abscesses. Repeat drainage was needed in three recurrences and one residual lesion. No serious complications were seen. MR fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous brain absc...

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM, V 3.25) was used to simulate the effect of swine manure applications on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations in subsurface drain water from continuous corn for Iowa soils. Measured values of subsurface drain flow, NO3-N concentrations in drainage water, and residual NO3-N in the soil profile from three chisel plow plots were available for the growing...

The process of creating terrain and landscape models is important in a variety of computer graphics and visualization applications, from films and computer games, via flight simulators and landscape planning, to scientific visualization and subsurface modelling. Interestingly, the modelling techniques used in this large range of application areas have started to meet in the last years. In this ...

The Green’s function is the impulse response of a system and is used to infer the properties of the system from surface measurements. In exploration seismology, imaging algorithms use estimates of the Green’s functions along with surface measurements to image the subsurface, i.e. locate the Earth’s interfaces and its properties, so as to identify valuable energy resources. These conventional im...

Rendering realistic human skin is not a trivial task. It means dealing with light diffusion in a multi-layered material, where multiple subsurface scattering events take place. Great care must be taken when simulating its appearance, to avoid an unnatural, waxy look. Recent works in the field of computer graphics have provided us with the ability to accurately render human skin, both off-line a...