نتایج جستجو برای: and rail costs
تعداد نتایج: 16840016 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Inspection of the rail state in order to detect defects is one of the basic tasks in railway maintenance. Rail defects exhibit different properties and are divided in various categories relating to the type and position of flaws on the rail. In this paper, we propose a technique, based on texture analysis of rail surface, to detect and classify a particular class of defects: corrugation.
in this paper, we propose a sensitivity analysis for evaluating the effectiveness of recovery solutions in the case of disturbed rail operations. indeed, when failures or breakdowns occur during daily service, new strategies have to be implemented so as to react appropriately and re-establish ordinary conditions as rapidly as possible. in this context, the use of rail simulation is vital: for e...
Design trade-offs for a low-voltage two-stage amplifier in the HP CMOS14 process are presented and some of the issues of low-voltage analog design are discussed. The design of a new constant-transconductance input stage that has a rail-to-rail common-mode input range is described, along with the rail-to-rail class-AB output stage. The performance specifications and area of this amplifier are co...
In this paper a number of 4-bit, 8-operation arithmetic logic units (ALUs) are designed using the delayinsensitive NULL Convention Logic (NCL) paradigm, and are characterized in terms of speed and area. Both dualrail and quad-rail, pipelined and non-pipelined versions are developed, and the tradeoffs and design considerations for each are discussed. Comparing the various architectures shows tha...
Lubrication on sharp curves has been commonly adopted as a method of reducing friction between the wheel flange and rail gauge face to minimize wear and energy consumption. Additionally, lubrication between the running surface of the low-rail and the wheel tread has recently been recognized as a significant factor in reducing the likelihood of low-rail corrugation, squealing noise and rail gaug...
When rails are laid in a railway track, small gaps are left between the ends of adjoining rails to allow for the expansion of the rails when the temperature rises. Rail joints are provided to form a continuous rail path which are normally laid in standard lengths bolted together by fishplates. When two rail joints are exactly opposing each other, they are called square 

(side by side) jo...
Dual-rail encoding, return-to-spacer protocol and hazard-free logic can be used to resist differential power analysis attacks by making the power consumption independent of processed data. Standard dual-rail logic uses a protocol with a single spacer, e.g. all-zeroes, which gives rise to power balancing problems. We address these problems by incorporating two spacers; the spacers alternate betw...
Transport is one of the most relevant elements for the competitiveness of companies and cities. An inadequate transportation system generates high costs and low customer service levels, which ultimately produces a negative economic impact for both. This article presents an overview of the technology tools that are part of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) used to improve the performa...
Light rail systems have proliferated in Spain in the last decade, following a tendency that is common not only in other European countries but also in other parts of the world. This paper reviews the benefits of light rail systems, both related to environmental issues and mobility issues. It analyses the evolution of light rail projects in Spain and shows that light rail systems in this country...
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