Abstract Parallel to Arab Nahḍah , Ottoman modernization program is associated with the Tanzimat, a period of drastic social, political and institutional transformation. The word tanẓīmāt itself, however, merely means “regulations” or “reorganization” very little has been done in investigating conceptual ideational foundations Tanzimat reforms. question at stake here how these series reforms we...

main purpose in this research is the explanation of different views of muslim philosophers on the p.f.c to establish an imperative religion education. reaching to this purpose we use the content analysis and logical deduction among the research methods. on the basis of the research findings, we can find two different approaches in the religious-intellectual education: popular and specialized. t...

Even-cycle matroids are elementary lifts of graphic and even-cut cographic matroids. We present a polynomial algorithm to check if binary matroid is an even-cycle we matroid. These two algorithms rely on (to be described in pair follow-up papers) pinch-graphic.

Research indicates that existential threat may motivate in-group members to retaliate against out-group members. Less is known about the impact of alignment with one’s religious or national group on retaliatory activity. We addressed this deficiency in a longitudinal study before, and soon after, the beginning of the 2015 Palestinian Stabbing Intifada—a terror wave that is still ongoing. We ass...

Ethiopia has had fairly rapid growth since the current reformist regime took power. However, part of that growth consisted of recovery from the disasters of the previous government and the civil war. The permanent component of per capita growth under the reformist government in the 1992-2001 period is estimated at about 1.1 percent per annum. That growth is explained by total factor productivit...

This article puts in context and evaluates the historical and political process of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The goal is to provide a brief retrospective and analysis of the management mechanisms that have permitted the Psychiatric Reform to advance. This historic process is divided into three periods: the implementation of deinstitutionalization, the expansion of the psychosocial suppo...

The Shroud of Turin (hereafter the Shroud) is one of the most widely known and widely studied artifacts in existence, with enormous historical and religious significance. For years, the Shroud has inspired worldwide interest in images on its fabric which appear to be of the body and face of a man executed in a manner consistent with crucifixion, and many believe that these images were formed in...