As is widely accepted by scholars, much of the Western philosophies have roots in ancient Greece. Among the most influential ancient Greek figures is the “Father of History,” Herodotus of Halicarnassus, who chronicled the history of the Persian Wars. Herodotus used the Histories as a medium for discussing the political trends of his time, specifically those in Athens. Herodotus shared his views...

The art of music is one that is steeped in tradition. From techniques of composition and performance to methods of music theory, learning musical skills have typically been based on historically accepted procedures passed on from one generation to the next. In the fifteenth century, early theorists such as Gaffurio produced written works with the purpose of transmitting ancient Greek ideas of m...

There are a limited number of artistic objects from ancient times with particular importance in neonatal medicine. The best examples are figurines from ancient Egypt of Isis nursing Horus, showing the importance of breastfeeding. The earliest images of the human fetus were made by the Olmecs in Mexico around 1200- 400 BCE. One of the earliest representations of congenital anomalies is a figurin...

The origins of Western culture extensively relate to Ancient Greek culture. While many ancient cultures have contributed to our current knowledge about medicine and the origins of psychiatry, the Ancient Greeks were among the best observers of feelings and moods patients expressed towards medicine and toward what today is referred to as 'psychopathology'. Myths and religious references were use...

The evidence of the preceding sections makes it clear that the Greek language underwent considerable development and change from the time Greek speakers first entered the Balkans in the 2nd millennium BC up through the Hellenistic era. However, it is important to realize that languages are like living organisms, in that they continually change and evolve; thus, Greek did not stop at the form it...

BACKGROUND Unani Medicine, also called "Unani-tibb", has a long and impressive record in India based on the grecoarabic medicine and teachings of Hippocrates, Galen and Arab physicians. Its main principle is the maintenance of equilibrium among the various aspects of the body, made up of four elements, different temperaments, simple and compound organs, and four humours. METHODS The main bibl...

The realistic representation of the human figure is one of the hallmarks of ancient Greek art. It reflects the increasing importance of observation in that culture. In painting and sculpture the transition from pure decoration to naturalist representation began in the Archaic period (600 – 480 BC), and continued through the Pre-Classical (480 – 450 BC) and Classical (450 – 400 BC) periods of Gr...

Background Stylometry is a field that uses statistical and computational techniques to study the style of authors. Stylometry is used to address questions authenticity, authorship, and chronologies, among other questions. Most famously, Mosteller and Wallace used statistical techniques to determine the disputed authorship of the Federalist papers.1 More recently in 2015, stylometric techniques ...

Ancient Egyptian and Greek pharmacopoeias reveal frequent use of different drugs, somniferous or narcotic, which contain poisonous elements. Among the toxic plants enumerated by Dioscorides, we find poppy and others. Egyptians were fond of taking these narcotic or euphoric substances attributed to nepenthes, but it is difficult to prove whether ancient people were aware of modern aspects of add...