Flat transactions with savepoints are a variation of the classical flat transactions that allows the user to go undo work done so far back to a certain point within the transaction. This is as opposed to pure classical flat transactions that either commit to whole work done so far or undo it. Recently, this mechanism is being offered by some major database products. Their semantics, however, se...

In many real-world applications, temporal information is often imprecise about the temporal location of events (indeterminacy) and comes at different granularities. Formalisms for reasoning about events and change, such as the Event Calculus (EC) and the Situation Calculus, do not usually provide mechanisms for handling such data, and very little research has been devoted to the goal of extendi...

The Situation Calculus and the Fluent Calculus are successful action formalisms that share many concepts. But until now there is no formal relation between the two calculi that would allow to formally analyze the relationship between the two approaches as well as between the programming languages based on them, Golog and FLUX. Furthermore, such a formal relation would allow to combine Golog and...

The Situation Calculus is a logic of time and change in which there is a distinguished initial situation S0 and all other situations arise from the different sequences of actions that might be performed starting in the initial one. Within this framework, it is difficult to incorporate the notion of an occurrence, since all situations after the initial one are hypothetical. These occurrences are...

  The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is composed of two bundles, which work together to provide both antero-posterior and rotatory stability of the knee. Understanding the anatomy and function of the ACL plays a key role in management of patients with ACL injury. Anatomic ACL reconstruction aims to restore the function of the native ACL. Femoral and tibial tunnels should be placed in their an...

Introduction: Medical undergraduates usually understand and memorize anatomical course material with difficulty. Also, the current text books and atlases of anatomy and histology do not fulfill all the learning needs of the undergraduates. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the role of internet websites and computer programs (i.e. the role of electronic learning) in teaching....

INTRODUCTION Systematic anatomical studies corroborate the anatomical complexity of the root canal system. Deviations from the norm such as multiple orifices, apical deltas, accessory canals and other variations are frequent. OBJECTIVES To present clinical reports of mandibular molars with three canals in the mesial root and two in vitro studies of the morphology of these canals, together wit...

Understanding of the anatomy of the axillary lymph nodes is important in diagnostic and treatment procedures for breast cancer. An interesting case is presented here of breast cancer without a breast tumour. The first symptom of the disease was lymphadenopathy of the axillary region. This kind of case is extremely rare in clinical practise (one case per 1-5 years) and constitutes a great proble...

We present a novel theory of action and change capable of dealing with discord between an agent’s beliefs and the results of its sensing. Previous work by Scherl and Levesque [9] and Shapiro et al. [10] have given accounts of iterated belief update and revision, and the ability to deal with mistaken beliefs. However, they assume that all actions, including exogenous actions beyond the agent’s c...

We present a novel theory of action and change capable of dealing with discord between an agent’s beliefs and the results of its sensing. Previous work by Scherl and Levesque [9] and Shapiro et al. [10] have given accounts of iterated belief update and revision, and the ability to deal with mistaken beliefs. However, they assume that all actions, including exogenous actions beyond the agent’s c...