Virtual endoscopy (vE) allows simulated three-dimensional (3-D) visualisation of anatomical structures by computerised reconstruction of radiological images. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of vE and its potential benefits for endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. vE was realised using a commercially available ray-casting software plugin of a picture archiving and ...

Articular cartilage has well known depth-dependent structure and has recently been shown to have similarly non-uniform depth-dependent mechanical properties. Here, we study anatomic variation of the depth-dependent shear modulus and energy dissipation rate in neonatal bovine knees. The regions we specifically focus on are the patellofemoral groove, trochlea, femoral condyle, and tibial plateau....

BACKGROUND It is recognized that patients who undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) do not always achieve control of their disease. The causes are multifactorial; variations in surgical practice have been identified as possible factors in refractory disease. OBJECTIVE To reflect on the frequent anatomic findings of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who require revision ESS. METHOD...

background and aims. the anatomical features of gingiva are important in appropriate periodontal treatment planning. this study was designed to determine the anatomic features of gingival in a group of dental students in tabriz, iran. materials and methods. one-hundred healthy subjects (aged 20-24 years old) with no history of periodontal or orthodontic treatment and a gingival index of zero or...

I t is imperative that dentists engaged in endodontic therapy be aware of the anatomic variations that exist within the root canal system if they are to achieve satisfactory results in treatmcnt.1e4 Numerous investigations have shown anatomic variations within the root canal system. Studies utilizing injection of material into the root canal system, dye perfusions with subsequent demineralizati...

A 46-year-old Vietnamese woman received embolization therapy in order to control postpartum hemorrhage. Angiography revealed an aberrant ovarian artery arising from the right common iliac artery. Superselective catheterization and subsequent embolization of the aberrant ovarian artery and bilateral uterine arteries were performed. Precise knowledge of the anatomic variations of the ovarian arte...

THE INCIDENCE and localization of coronary artery occlusion have assumed increasing importance because of the current exploration of cardiac lesions in patients by angiography and surgery. We wish to report the results of a large series that extends the previous studies by Schlesinger and Zoll oia anatomic variations in coronary arterial patterns and on the incidence and localization of coronar...

Introduction Isolated congenital absence of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is a rare condition. The diagnosis results from a review of the past medical and surgical history in addition to the use of multimodality imaging, as several other conditions (thrombotic occlusion, surgical or percutaneous exclusion, variations in morphology and relative position of anatomic structures) may present with...

Learning Objectives: After studying this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Describe the anatomic differences in the subciliary versus the subtarsal approach. 2. Discuss the difference between the “skin-only” and the “skin-muscle flap” variations of the subciliary approach. 3. Discuss the potential complications of both approaches. 4. Discuss the advantages of the subtarsal approach...

Gallbladder duplication is a rare anatomic malformation, which can now be detected by preoperative imaging study. We report a case of a symptomatic duplicated gallbladder, successfully treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This anomaly is important to know for surgeons because of associated anatomical variations of main bile duct and hepatic artery and increased risk of common bile duct injury.