Facile synthesis of TiO2 nanotube branched (length ∼0.5 μm) thin hollow-nanofibers is reported. The hierarchical three dimensional photoanodes (H-TiO2-NFs) (only ∼1 μm thick) demonstrate their excellent candidature as photoanodes in QD-sensitized solar cells, exhibiting ∼3-fold higher energy conversion efficiency (η = 2.8%, Jsc = 8.8 mA cm(-2)) than that of the directly grown nanotube arrays on...

Versions of this article were presented at the 2000 Conference on the Scientific Study of Judicial Politics (Ohio State University), the 2001 Conference on Positive Theories of Constitutions and Constitutional Design (Mershon Center, Ohio State University), the 2001 Midwest Political Science Association Meeting (Chicago), the 2001 General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Rese...

This paper considers the problem of finding avoiding words given sets of partial words of the form {a 1a m2 . . . ka, b 1b n2 . . . lb} where a and b are letters in the alphabet and is a hole, or showing the set is unavoidable. Such a set is avoidable if and only if there exists a two-sided infinite full word with no factor compatible with a member of the set, and this word is called the avoidi...

Systems biologists aim to decipher the structure and dynamics of signaling and regulatory networks underpinning cellular responses; synthetic biologists can use this insight to alter existing networks or engineer de novo ones. Both tasks will benefit from an understanding of which structural and dynamic features of networks can emerge from evolutionary processes, through which intermediary step...

The development of manual-based psychological treatments for a wide range of clinical disorders has had a significant impact not only on clinical research, but also on clinical practice. Theory-driven, manual-based treatments have become a defining feature of evidence-based treatments for specific clinical disorders that have been evaluated in numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The a...

This review article considers implications of psychotherapy research for psychotherapy training. It considers 8 themes that characterize the research literature. The themes involve outcome findings, common factors, empirically supported therapies, patient treatment matches, therapy manuals and practice guidelines, brief therapies, combinations of medication and psychotherapy, and group therapie...

In a dictionary, however, senses are something distinctly different. They are basic units of entry organization: the most distinct component parts of the dictionary article. Piotrowski (1994: 21) defines a sense in lexicography as ‘one of the main divisions of the entry, usually marked typographically by consecutive letters or numbers’. Indeed, senses are often explicitly numbered in sequence, ...

Materials exhibiting multidimensional structure with characteristic lengths ranging from the nanometer to the micrometer scale have extraordinary potential for emerging optical applications based on the regulation of light-matter interactions via the mesoscale organization of matter. As the structural dimensionality increases, the opportunities for controlling light-matter interactions become i...

This study investigated the spatial and temporal characteristics of the attentional deficit in patients exhibiting extinction to determine the extent to which these characteristics can be explained by a theory of an underlying gradient resulting from the differential contribution of interacting cell populations. The paradigm required the identification of two letters whose spatial location was ...