Analogical reasoning is a central problem both for human cognition and for artificial learning. Many aspects of this problem remain unsolved, though, and analogical reasoning is still a difficult task for machines. In this paper, we consider the problem of analogical reasoning and assume that the relevance of a solution can be measured by the complexity of the analogy. This hypothesis is tested...

Reasoning by analogy is a central phenomena in cognition. Existing computational models of analogy provide accounts of how analogical inferences are generated, but do not specify how they might be evaluated or integrated with other methods of reasoning. This paper extends the model of analogical inference in structure-mapping theory in two ways. First, we propose techniques for the structural e...

New research indicates that crows are capable of matching stimuli on the basis of analogical relations: that is, similarity of size, color and shape. This may be the first evidence for spontaneous analogical reasoning outside of the primate order.

Analogical proportions hold between 4 items a, b, c, d insofar as we can consider that “a is to b c d”. Such are supposed obey postulates, from which one derive Boolean or numerical models relate vector-based representations of making a proportion. One basic postulate the preservation proportion by permuting central elements and c. However this becomes debatable in many cases when words sentenc...

We study analogical reasoning in adults using an eye tracking methodology. In previous experiments, we studied the time course of analogy-making, looking at proportion of looking times and transitions. The main purpose of the present experiment is to test whether adults would adapt their search strategies to the difficulty of the analogical problems (Easy vs. Difficult problems). Difficult prob...

We present five experiments and simulation studies to establish late analogical abstraction as a new psychological phenomenon: Schema abstraction from analogical examples can revive otherwise inert knowledge. We find that comparing two analogous examples of negotiations at recall time promotes retrieving analogical matches stored in memory-a notoriously elusive effect. Another innovation in thi...

There is general agreement that structural similarity — a match in relational structure — is crucial in analogical processing. However, theories differ in their definitions of structural similarity: in particular, in whether there must be conceptual similarity between the relations in the two domains or whether parallel graph structure is sufficient. In two studies, we demonstrate, first, that ...

Analogical reasoning is one of the most powerful tools mathematical thinking. For example, to prove a theorem it necessary see similarities with previous theorem. This study aims classify analogies in mathematics courses and examples. classification based on research results. The was conducted use qualitative research. subjects are 12 lecturers who teach program managers. instruments unstructur...