BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Malaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. A child below five years dies after every 30 min. Highland areas under land use change impact on malaria transmission by altering the microclimate of the immature stages and adult mosquitoes. Adult vector population dynamics is important because it is an indicator of transmission risk of the dis...

Flavonoids are structurally diverse and the most ubiquitous groups of polyphenols distributed in the various plants, which possess intensive biological activities. In this study, the interaction mechanisms between four flavonoids containing one glucose unit with similar molecular weight isolated from the Tibetan medicinal herb Pyrethrum tatsienense, namely, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(1), luteol...

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) also known as kala-azar is a growing health problem in Ethiopia with an estimated annual VL incidence between 3700 and 7400. The disease is mainly endemic in northwestern parts of the country. The aim of the current study was to determine the sand fly fauna and ecology of Phlebotomus orientalis in two endemic and ecologically distinct areas of northwestern...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Correct vector identification is an important task in the planning and implementation of malaria vector control programmes. This study was designed to provide baseline information on the species composition and distribution of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex in three eco-vegetational zones in Bayelsa state, Nigeria. METHODS Adult mosquitoes were collected by p...

INTRODUCTION This study was conducted in a sugar belt region of western Kenya interfacing epidemic and endemic malaria transmission. We investigated Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (ss) and Anopheles arabiensis species compositions and densities, human host choice, and infectivity. METHODOLOGY Mosquitoes were captured using pyrethrum spray catch technique and first identified based on morphol...