Starch is a major carbon and energy source throughout all kingdoms of life. It consists of two carbohydrate polymers, branched amylopectin and linear amylose, which are sparingly soluble in water. Hence, the enzymatic breakdown by glycoside hydrolases (GHs) is of great biological and societal importance. Amylomaltases (AMs) are GHs specialized in the hydrolysis of α-1,4-linked sugar chains such...

Three commercial kudzu starches from Vietnam, Japan and Korea were used to determine chemical compositions, isoflavone compounds, fine structure and physicochemical properties. The kudzu starch from Vietnam had polygonal granules, whereas the kudzu starches from Japan and Korea contained both polygonal and spherical granules. Total protein, lipid, ash and phosphorus contents present in these ku...

Traditional rice varieties having high flavonoids and anthocyanin traits were hybridized to high-yielding quality cultivars assess their combining ability. Significant variation was observed among parents hybrids for the studied. The predominance of non-additive gene action single plant yield, total flavonoid content, amylose whereas, trait registered additive in study. genotypes ADT 37 (R) 45 ...

The synthesis of polysaccharides constitutes a challenge to organic chemists. This class of compounds is of current interest because of its importance in biological systemsl'2. Synthetic methods based on classical chemical manipulations are limited in applicabiiity: using these methods it is difficult to form glycosidic linkages stereospecifically, or to generate polymers of high molecular v,'e...

The initial action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. A2-5a on amylose was investigated. Synthetic amylose was incubated with purified CGTase then terminated in the very early stage of the enzyme reaction. When the reaction mixture was treated with glucoamylase and the resulting glucoamylase-resistant glucans were analyzed with high perfor...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs are currently developing varieties that are free of amylose (waxy wheat), as well as genetically intermediate (partial waxy) types. Successful introduction of waxy wheat varieties into commerce is predicated on a rapid methodology at the commodity point of sale that can test for the waxy condition. Near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy, one ...

The physical attributes, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties of 2 medium-grain rice cultivars from Arkansas (Bengal, Medark) and from California (M202, M204) were compared when grown in their respective locations and grown together in Arkansas to better understand the impacts of heredity and environment on medium-grain rice quality. Variations existed in grain dimensions, parti...

Dually modified regular maize starch (RMS) and high-amylose (HAMS) were successfully prepared by first acid hydrolysis subsequently hydroxypropylation. The effects of time (0–24 h) propylene oxide (PO) content (10–30%) on the structure physicochemical properties investigated. molar substitution (MS) HAMS samples (up to 0.163) was generally higher than that RMS 0.149), suggesting reactivity amyl...