Due to the emerging antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter, which is the leading cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients, there is an urgent need for studies comparing various antibiotic regimens for its treatment. In this single blinded randomized clinical trial, adult patients with VAP due to multi drug resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA), were randomly assigned ...

On the basis of their susceptibility to ampicillin, strains of Haemophilus influenzae can be divided into three types: type 1 are normally susceptible strains, type 2 produce stable spheroplasts from low inocula, and type 3 are beta-lactamase producers. Because of the production of spheroplasts, standard broth and agar dilution techniques have failed to differentiate between the responses of ty...

ALPHA-AMINOBENZYL penicillin or ampicillin* belongs to the group of synthetic derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. They are distinguished by a prevalently bactericidal activity, not only on gram positive bacteria, sensitive to penicillin, but also on gram negative bacteria, including salmonellae. Ampicillin is remarkably more active than chloramphenicol or tetracycline in mice infected with...

Persisters are phenotypic variants present within isogenic bacterial populations that exhibit extreme tolerance toward antibiotic stress. We previously elucidated a mechanistic pathway by which Escherichia coli persisters to ofloxacin form in response to a carbon source transition. Here, we examine how persisters to ampicillin form from the same metabolic stress and identify the shared and uniq...

A total of 158 volunteers each received 21 repeated oral doses of 500 mg of cefuroxime axetil (CAE) during four comparative cross-over trials. Pharmacokinetics were studied in 8 volunteers (CAE versus ampicillin), relative bioavailability and tolerance were studied in 100 volunteers (CAE versus pivmecillinam and CAE versus pivampicillin), and tolerance alone was studied in 50 volunteers (CAE ve...

Khadija Lawrence and Michelle Anthony North Carolina State University, Department of Microbiology, 4510 Thomas Hall, Campus Box 7615 Raleigh, NC 27695 Abstract Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that normally inhabits the intestines of humans and animals. Not all strains of E. coli are pathogenic, but ones that are contribute to one of the leading causes of foodborne ill...

Background: Vulvovaginitis is a common infection in prepubertal girls, which partly caused by bacterial infection. According to the literature, Haemophilus influenzae one of most causes vulvovaginitis children. However, few studies with large sample sizes have delved into this issue. Objectives: To determine prevalence girls and detect antimicrobial resistance H. strains isolated from vulval sp...

The pharmacokinetic behaviour of an ampicillin/sulbactam (2:1) combination was studied after intramuscular administration of a single dose (20 mg/kg body weight: 13.33 mg/kg of ampicillin and 6.67 mg/kg of sulbactam) to six sheep and six goats. The objective was to determine whether there were differences between sheep and goats in the disposition profiles of ampicillin and sulbactam. The dispo...

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that β-lactam monotherapy of streptococcal infections may incite stronger inflammation and is inferior to combination therapy with macrolides. We hypothesized that use of macrolides alone or in combination with a β-lactam for group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis would improve outcomes by reducing inflammation. METHODS TNF-α was measured from supernatants of RAW 264....

Single doses of 3.5 g of ampicillin with 1.0 g of probenecid or of 3.0 g of amoxicillin alone were administered orally to 58 males and 56 females with uncomplicated gonococcal infection. The failure rate for genital or anal infection, or both, was 1.7% for ampicillin plus probenecid and 4.2% for amoxicillin alone. However, patients with oropharyngeal infection responded poorly. Seventy-five iso...