background: the standard method for repair of an injured peripheal nerve is epineural repair with separate sutures. herein we describe a method in which the nerve is sutured with continous sutures. in fact this method has not been utilized for nerve repair previously and our purpose was to compare it to the standard method. if it proved to be successful it would replace the standard method in c...

a methodology is presented in this paper to find optimal location and dosage of chlorine injection in water distribution networks. the objective is to minimize the chlorine consumption while keeping the residual chlorine at each node within the standard range. unfortunately because of wrong water quality management in water distribution networks in many parts of the world, many problems such...

A pooled analysis of seven cross-sectional studies from Newfoundland and Labrador, Waterloo and Hamilton Regions, Ontario and Vancouver, East Kootenay and Northern Interior Regions, British Columbia (2001 to 2007) was performed to investigate the drinking water consumption patterns of Canadians and to identify factors associated with the volume of tap water consumed. The mean volume of tap wate...

background and objectives: although more than 90 percent of consumed water used in agricultural sector, water is the major limiting factor for agricultural development in iran. over the past few years increasing agricultural crop water productivity thorough deficit irrigation methods has been studied by agricultural researchers and planners. although lorestan province is one of the major produc...

In rodent bioassays where chemicals are administered in the drinking water, water consumption data for individual animals are needed to estimate chemical exposures accurately. If multiple animals share a common water source, as occurs in some studies, only the total amount of drinking water consumed by all animals utilizing the common source is directly measurable, and water consumption rates f...

Snakes are purported to drink by sucking water into their mouths and then compressing the oral cavity to force water into the oesophagus. Video recordings of drinking behaviour in 23 snakes representing 14 species from three families, combined with simultaneous recordings of water volumes consumed, show that all the snakes vary widely in the amount of water taken in when drinking. This variatio...

Belly-size ratings or belly scores are frequently used in carnivore research as a method of rating whether and how much an animal has eaten. This method provides only a rough ordinal measure of fullness and does not quantify the amount of food an animal has consumed. Here we present a method for estimating the amount of meat consumed by individual African wild dogs Lycaon pictus. We fed 0.5 kg ...