OBJECTIVE To identify perinatal outcomes associated with low birth weight (LBW). METHODS A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary maternity hospital. Analysis of the database on 43,499 liveborn infants delivered between 1986 and 2004 with low (n = 6,477) and normal (n = 37,467) birth weight. Outcomes associated with LBW were identified through crude and adjusted risk ratio (RR) and 95%CI wi...

Another point to consider is whether treatment of diabetes could have played a significant part in the aetiology of renal agenesis. The critical time for renal development is between 3 and 7 weeks, the somite stage to 18 mm size. During this time the mesonephros, mesonephric duct, metanephros and ureteric bud are in an active stage of development (Shikinami, 1926; Torrey, 1954). Hypoglycaemia h...

Measuring amniotic fluid pockets with ultrasound is an efficient and reasonably reliable method of evaluating amniotic fluid volume and categorizing relative risk of perinatal morbidity. The most commonly used ultrasound criteria for oligohydramnios, SDP <2 cm and AFI <5 cm, assign approximately 2%-3% and 4%-5% of late preterm pregnancies into the "low amniotic fluid" category. The AFI offers s...

Six fetal sheep were operated on at 118 to 121 days of gestation. The pulmonary end of the trachea was connected to the gastric end of the esophagus with a section of tubing. This left urine as the only source of amniotic fluid and intramembranous absorption as sole exit. Multiple indwelling fetal vascular, intra-amniotic, allantoic, and a fetal bladder catheter were placed. Beginning 5 days af...

We examined whether the 33-kDa serine protease prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is present in amniotic fluid and, if so, whether its concentration changes with gestational age. Analyzing 115 amniotic fluids with a highly sensitive immunofluorometric procedure, we found PSA in all the amniotic fluids examined and established that its concentration increases with increasing gestational age from 11...

Kisspeptin is the product of the KISS1 (KiSS-1 metastasissuppressor) gene and is the ligand for the G-protein– coupled receptor, now known as the KISS1 receptor (KISS1R) (1 ). Both kisspeptin and KISS1R play a crucial role in the regulation of reproduction and puberty (1 ). The KISS1 gene encodes a precursor peptide of 145 amino acid residues, which undergoes proteolytic processing to generate ...

US pregnant uterus 9 Assessment of fetal measurement, growth, amniotic fluid, fetal anatomic survey, and activity patterns is appropriate. O US pregnant uterus biophysical profile 4 Assessment of biophysical profile is of indeterminate appropriateness. Biophysical profile components: 1) fetal heart-rate reactivity; 2) fetal breathing movements; 3) fetal movement; 4) fetal tone; and 5) amniotic ...

Potential limitations of prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia B, as compared to hemophilia A, include (1) occurrence of far more frequent defects with abnormal circulating antigen, (2) lower levels of factor IX in fetal plasma at 16 to 20 weeks gestation, and (3) the presence of factor IX antigen in amniotic fluid. In addition, proteolysis could occur, especially with amniotic fluid contamination o...

background: the aim of this study was to compare the biophysical profile parameters (bpp), especially amniotic fluid index (afi), before and after administration of corticosteroids (dexamethasone and betamethasone) and these two groups with each other. materials and methods: this double-blind clinical trial study was done on 70 patients for 28–34 weeks women having at least one preterm labor in...

results afscs have the potential to be used in tissue repair and regeneration of bladder and kidney injuries, for the treatment of congenital anomalies like tracheal anomalies and spina bifida therapy etc. however, like other treatment, afscs also have some limitations such as low rate of differentiation of transplanted afscs and immune rejection. conclusions afscs have great therapeutic potent...