Imidazole is a planar, five membered heteroaromatic molecule with pyrrole type and pyridine type annular nitrogens. Several approaches are available of imidazoles from alpha halo ketones, aminonitrile, aldehyde ect. Reactivity of imidazole and benzimidazole is referred from sets of  resonance structure in which the dipolar contributors have finite importance. Imidazoles among the principal grou...

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bioplastics derived from renewable resources such as vegetable oils, corn starch, or microbes. The polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a short-chain-length PHA, and the most important bioplastic produced by certain microorganisms in the presence of excess carbon sources. In this study batch cultivation of Alcaligenes eutrophus with the aim of increasing PHB production ...

The effects of NaCl on the aggregation of two typical thiacarbocyanine dyes (3,3'-di(3-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-dibenzo-9-phenyl-thiacarbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt (Dye 1) and 3,3'-di(3-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-dibenzo-9-methyl-thiacarbocyanine triethyl ammonium salt (Dye 2)) in aqueous solution have been studied by using absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and 1H- and 23Na-NMR...

In rats, unilateral nephrectomy is followed within 36 hours by a fall in the DNA concentration and a rise in the RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios in the remaining kidney. The changes in DNA concentration and in RNA/DNA ratio take place re gardless of whether the animal is fed or fasted postoperatively; the increase in protein/DNA ratio takes place only if the animal is fed. Changes similar to but...

Although adrenalectomy is usually associated with an impairment of ammonium and/or titratable acid excretion by the kidney, it is uncertain whether rates of renal net acid excretion are also reduced. Further, it is unclear whether the absence of the adrenal gland itself or other factors of adrenal insufficiency mediate such changes in renal acidification parameters. For example, dramatic increa...

The chemical changes in the blood of dogs treated with various inorganic salts after obstruction of the duodenum are reported. Two dogs treated with sodium chloride survived approximately six times as long as the average untreated animal, one living 22 days, the other 24 days. Ammonium chloride was found to produce an acidosis. The administration of potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and mag...

A simple macrocyclic amine is alkylated by methylene chloride to give a quaternary ammonium chloride salt. When methylene chloride is the solvent, the reaction exhibits pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the reaction half-life at 25.0 degrees C is 2.0 min. The reaction half-life for a structurally related, acyclic amine is approximately 50 000 times longer. Detailed calculations favor a mechanism...

The complex formation between cobalt(II) and chloride ions in molten NH4NO3·2.61H2O, NH4NO3·CH3CONH2·1.61H2O and NH4NO3·2.61CH3CONH2 has been investigated. Absorption spectra of cobalt(II) chloride containing variable amounts of ammonium chloride were recorded at 45 to 60 ◦C. In the absence of chloride, the solutions show spectra typical for octahedral co-ordination of cobalt(II). Addition of c...

■ ■ 80% reduction in analysis time enables high throughput analysis IN T RODUC T ION Benzalkonium Chloride (BAC) refers to a series of quaternary ammonium chloride homologues with the structure shown in Figure 1. The pervasive use of BAC in consumer products results from its antiseptic and antifungal properties with widespread applications ranging from cleaning products and disinfectants to san...